Ap Euro Midterm Review Part 3

Front 1

James I of England

Back 1

Son of Mary, Queen of Scots; not very well liked; suspected of Catholic sympathies (married his son to the Spanish infanta)

Front 2

Duke of Buckingham

Back 2

Exercised influence over James; sold titles of nobility (angered the old rich)

Front 3

Millenary Petition

Back 3

Puritans demanded religios reforms from James I (who was born a Presbyterian)

Front 4

Petition of Right

Back 4

Parliament's response to Charles I's new taxes &c.; Charles I dissolved Parliament

Front 5

Thomas Wentworth/Earl of Strafford

Back 5

Chief minister of Charles I who introduced strict administrative centralization to reduce dependency on Parliament

Front 6

William Laud

Back 6

Archbishop of Canterbury; tried to impose the Book of Common Prayer on Scotland (led to war and more dependency on Parliament for money)

Front 7

Religious division in Parliament

Back 7

Conservatives: traditional Episcopal system
Presbyterians (moderate Puritans): Calvinist structure
Independents (extreme Puritans): complete separatism

Front 8

Short Parliament

Back 8

Refused to give Charles I funding for the war with Scotland; Charles dissolved Parliament

Front 9

Long Parliament

Back 9

Impeached the Earl of Strafford; abolished the Court of Star Chamber and High Commission; outlawed ship money and new taxes without Parliament's consent; required Parliament to meet every three years; demanded that Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent

Front 10

Grand Remonstrance

Back 10

Long Parliament's list of 200 grievances to the crown

Front 11

English Civil War

Back 11

Charles I invaded Parliament; war opened between the royalist Cavaliers and the rebel roundheads over
1. Monarchy vs. absolutism
2. Anglicanism or Presbyterianism?

Front 12

Pride's Purge

Back 12

Colonel Thomas Pride banned Puritans from taking their seats; created the Rump Parliament, which executed Charles I and abolished the House of Lords, the monarchy, and the Anglican church

Front 13

Oliver Cromwell

Back 13

Lord protector of the English Puritan Republic

Front 14

Charles II

Back 14

Next Stuart monarch; had Catholic sympathies, and so was tolerant

Front 15

Clarendon Code

Back 15

Excluded any non-Anglican from political office and reinstated the Book of Common Prayer

Front 16

Treaty of Dover

Back 16

Charles II agreed secretly with France to become Catholic in return for funding

Front 17

Declaration of Indulgence

Back 17

Charles II suspended all laws against Catholics; Parliament refused to give him money, so he took it back

Front 18

Test Act

Back 18

Aimed at Charles's brother, James (Catholic); required everyone to swear against transubstantiation

Front 19

James II

Back 19

Last Catholic king of England; alienated everyone by trying to repeal the Test Act, dissolving Parliament, replacing Anglican officers with Catholics, and reissuing the Declaration of Indulgence

Front 20

Glorious Revolution

Back 20

William and Mary (Netherlands) invaded England and sent James into exile

Front 21

William and Mary

Back 21

Took the throne of England; guaranteed civil rights, limited the power of the monarchy; demanded that Parliament meet every three years

Front 22

Act of Settlement

Back 22

No more Catholic monarchs in England EVER AGAIN

George I of the German house of Hanover became the next king of England

Front 23

Duke of Sully

Back 23

Henry IV's finance minister

Front 24

Marie de Medici

Back 24

Louis XIII's regent (sought security in the Treaty of Fontainebleau)

Front 25

Cardinal Richelieu

Back 25

Louis XIII's chief advisor; believed in large state interests over the preferences of the nobility

Front 26

Cardinal Mazarin

Back 26

Regent for Louis XIV; ruled similarly to Richelieu

Front 27

Fronde

Back 27

Rebellion from Parlement, the nobikity, and the wives of princes

Front 28

Louis XUV

Back 28

Absolutist king; created an elaborate court life for the nobility at Versailles

Front 29

Jansenism

Back 29

Augustinian opposition to Jesuit theology

Front 30

Marquis of Louvois

Back 30

Military tactician who reinvented the military (wages, promotion based on merit, increased dedication)

Front 31

Sebastien Vaubaun

Back 31

Military engineer who developed trench warfare andtown fortification

Front 32

War of Devolution

Back 32

Louis XIV fought against the Triple Alliance (England, Sweden, and Holland) over Flanders and Franche-Comte

Front 33

Invasion of the Netherlands

Back 33

England attacked the Netherlands (William III of Orange); the Peace of Nijmwegen gave everything back to the Dutch

Front 34

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Back 34

Louis XIV took away Protestant privileges - Protestants became galley slaves, children were rebaptized, schools and churches were closed, ministers exiled

Front 35

Nine Years' War

Back 35

Louis XIV invaded the Palatinate, countered by the League of Augsburg; Peace of Ryswick secured Holland's borders

Front 36

War of the Spanish Succession

Back 36

Louis XIV's grandson becomes Philip V of Spain; Louis XIV sends troops to claim Spanish territory and fought the Grand Alliance (England, Holland, Spain, HRE); Treaty of Rastatt confirmed the rule of Philip V but ignored Louis XIV

Front 37

Maria Winklemann

Back 37

Female astronomer; received little recognition; rejected from the Berlin Academy of Sciences after her husnad died

Front 38

Galileo Galilei

Back 38

Astronomer and mathematician who preached Copernicanism and a mathematically ordered universe; clashed with the Catholic Church and was put under house arrest until his death

Front 39

Johannes Kepler

Back 39

Assistant to Tycho Brahe; used Brahe's data to support his Copernican beliefs and the heliocentric model of the universe; discovered the elliptical paths of the planets

Front 40

Margaret Cavendish

Back 40

Well-read noblewoman who married into a circle of philosophers; became a critic of the Royal Society and of scientific instruments

Front 41

Ptolemy

Back 41

Second century philosopher who proposed geocentrism - the earth in the center, surrounded by concentric spheres in which the moon and stars existed

Front 42

Copernicus

Back 42

Astronomer who challened the Ptolemaic system; agreed with many of its elements, but proposed heliocentrism - more thorough model (filled the gaps of Ptolemy)

Front 43

Tycho Brahe

Back 43

Astronomer and mathematician who accepted geocentrism but produced mathematical calculations about the placement of planets in orbit; Kepler later used this data to support heliocentrism

Front 44

Isaac Newton

Back 44

Mathematician who developed the theory of gravity in Principia Mathematica; planets and all other objects move through mutual attraction

Front 45

Thomas Hobbes

Back 45

Advocate of absolutism; believed that humans are selfish and competitive and proposed absolute leadership to subdue mankind

Front 46

Francis Bacon

Back 46

Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses

Front 47

Rene Descartes

Back 47

Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical

Front 48

John Locke

Back 48

Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa

Front 49

Francis Bacon

Back 49

Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses

Front 50

Rene Descartes

Back 50

Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical

Front 51

John Locke

Back 51

Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa

Front 52

Francis Bacon

Back 52

Founder of the empirical method and induction; linked science with progress; encouraged scientists to use their senses

Front 53

Blaise Pascal

Back 53

Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline

Front 54

Blaise Pascal

Back 54

Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline

Front 55

My head feels like it's going to explode...

Back 55

Only two more chapters to go...

Front 56

My head feels like it's going to explode...

Back 56

Only two more chapters to go...

Front 57

Rene Descartes

Back 57

Founder of analytic geometry and deduction; divided the world into mind and body; science applied only to the physical

Front 58

John Locke

Back 58

Political thinker; critic of absolutism; government responsible for and responsive to the governed; human's natural state is freedom; advocated religious toleration; conceived tabula rasa

Front 59

Blaise Pascal

Back 59

Jansenist who condemned Jesuits, deists, and atheists; belief in God brings moral discipline

Front 60

My head feels like it's going to explode...

Back 60

Only two more chapters to go...