Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Louis XV
|
1715-1774
great grandson of Louis XIV Nobility gained influence during his reign Influeneced by ministers and mistresses Undermined monarchy |
|
|
Madame de Pompadour
|
Influenced Louis XV regarding appointments, foreign policy
Most famous mistress |
|
|
Parlement
|
high court of France
Restore power to approve or disapprove king's decrees judge once members of middle class who bought offices, felt no obligation to king Refused to allow Louis XV to raise taxes to pay for War of Austrian Succession |
|
|
Rene de Maupeou
|
Louis XV appointed as chancellor and ordered him to subdue judicial opposition
Abolished Parlement Royal-friendly Parlement created |
|
|
Louis XVI
|
1774-1792
grandson of Louis XV dismissed Maupeou repudiated his rules Old Parlement of Paris reinstituted Public hoped for reforms, more representative government |
|
|
3 Estates
|
1st: clergy
2nd: nobility 3rd: everyone else (bourgeoisie) Social structure in France |
|
|
Gallacian Church
|
owned 20% of land, exempted from taxes
Aristocrats within church got money: local parishes suffer |
|
|
Bourgeoise
|
demanded political power, reflect econmic power and contribution
resented 1st and 2nd estate who had all economic responsibility |
|
|
Jacques Necker
|
Louis XVI appointed as director of finances
tried to tax nobility blocked by Paris Parlement |
|
|
Assembly of Notables
|
Louis XVI summoned in 1787
thought assembly would agree with new tax sysstem, end own tax exemption Assembly demanded control over government spending (to nobles) |
|
|
lettre de Cachet
|
freedom from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment
|
|
|
Estates general
|
July 5, 1778, to be convened following spring
King asked everyone to study situation Only called before in 1302 and 1614 |
|
|
Cahiers de doleances
|
each estate's list of greivances
common agreements of all three estates: france=constitutional monarchy, liberties guaranteed by law, parish clergy improved, elimination of internal trade barriers |
|
|
Abbe de Sieyes
|
"What is The Third Estate"
claimed it had power in France nobility should be abolished "Social contract" |
|
|
Age of Montesquieu
|
first phase of revolution
National Asssembly Constitution, ends feudalism |
|
|
National Assembly
|
June 1789, 3rd Esatste meeting, leave Estates General, meet at tennis court, wrote constitution
|
|
|
Tennis Court Oath
|
assumed soverign control over the nation
National Assembly would not leave until France had a constitution |
|
|
Storming of the Bastille
|
Reaction in Paris to shortagesof bread
Parisians believed army was going to be used to squash them, subjugation and grain speciulators Pissed at Marie Antotonette for garmet industry |
|
|
The Great Fear
|
1789
spirit of rebellion in Paris spread to countryside, violence peasants attacked manor houses and destroy legal records of fuedal obligations |
|
|
Declaration of the Rights of Man (And Citizen)
|
Thomas Paine, due process
CONSTITUTION OF FRANCE BY NATIONAL ASSEMBLY everyone is a citizen |
|
|
Olympe de Gouges
|
"Rights of Women"
replaced the word man with woman in "Rights of Man" |
|
|
Rights of Women
|
Olympe de Gouges
|
|
|
Mary Wollestonecraft
|
"Vindication of the Rights of Women"
similar to Gouges, feminist |
|
|
Madame de Steel
|
salon
deplored subordination of women, angry revolution changed nothing feminist |
|
|
Women's March
|
to Versailles
peasant women, incited by JEAN PAUL MARAT 7000 women kill National Guard (from Paris) to address economic problems |
|
|
Refractory Clergy
|
respond to Civil Constitution of Clergy in 1790
divided church into 83 bishops and diocese forbidden to be loyal to pope supported by king, aristorctats, peasants |
|
|
assignats
|
new paper currency
worthless |
|
|
flight to varennes
|
Royals attempt to escape France for noble and foreign aid in counter revolution
failed, forced to accept constitutional monarchy |
|
|
Edmund Burke
|
"Reflection on the Revolution in France"
predictded anarchy and despotism intellectual defense of European conservatism |
|
|
Thomas Paine
|
"Rights of Man"
response to Burke's arguments Enlightemnet principles, triumph of liberty |
|
|
Jacobins
|
republican political club, dominate legislative assembly
|
|
|
Girondins
|
left wing of Revolution, part of Jacobins
passionately committed to Revolution |
|
|
Emigres
|
French nobles who had fled France in 1789, influence Austria and Prusia to help restore French monarchy
Leopold II annoyed |
|
|
Declaration of Pillnitz
|
Leopold II get rid of nobles
intended to slow revolution Austria and Prusia would send toops if order not restored made war more tempting to French revolutionaries |
|
|
Robespierre
|
Brunswick Manifesto, Prussia and Austria threateded to destroy Paris if king harmed
incited mob violence reigned terror |
|
|
Paris Commune
|
revolutionary provisional government, usurped power from Legislative assembly
led by Danton radicals, Constitution new elections, universal male suffrage, new national currency |
|
|
Danton
|
led Paris Commune
|
|
|
September Massacres
|
led by Paris Commune
Rumors spread, imprisoned counter-revolutionary aristocrats and refractory priests plotting with foreign invaders Mobs slaughter over 1,000 priests, bourgeoisie |
|
|
Age of Rosseau
|
1792-1799
National Convention 1792-1795 most of members of National Convention were Jacobins and Republicans |
|
|
sans-culottes
|
radical members of working class
more of an econimic agenda than political one influence National Convention skilled at inciting violence |
|
|
Moutain
|
led by Robespierre
radical urbanites Girondins |
|
|
Enrages
|
leaders of radical working lcass in Paris
Arrested 31 Girondins, many left Paris to work against revolutionary government "Death of Marat" :: Charlotte Corday murdered him |
|
|
Committee of Public Safety
|
1793-1794
led by ROBESPIERRE emergency government national convention abolished Robespierre influence by Rosseau, fanatic of revolutionary idealism worked with sans culottes Leader: Louis Saint-Just Law of Maximum, planned economy |
|
|
Levee en masse
|
whole country conscripted to army, largest army in European history
|
|
|
Reign of Terror
|
1793-1794
Law of Suspects accused enemies of revolutionary tried in front of Revolutionary Tribunal tried for treason: Louis XVI, 40,000 guillotined, 300,000 imprisoned |
|
|
Cult of Supreme Being
|
Deistic, naturalistic religion which recognized existence of God and immortality of human soul
Notre Dame Cathedral changed into TEMPLE OF REASON |
|
|
The Directory
|
1795-1799
new republican constitution assembly chose 5-member exectuive to govern direcotry almost all adult members could vote, not hold office (reserved for property owners) |
|
|
Conspiracy of Equals
|
Led by Gracchus Babeuf
Overthrew Directory to replace it with dictatorial "democratism" Communism |
|
|
Consulate Era
|
new constitution
Napoleon overthrew directory, did away with legislative assembly |
|
|
Plebiscite
|
general referendum (poll)
approve Napoleon's actions HUGE support |
|
|
Napoleon Bonaparte
|
Italian descent
French family from Corsica Military genius (specialized in artillery) Enlightenment, supported Revolution, Jacobins Rapidly advance in army: talented, many vacancies to emigres RULER DICTATOR OF FRANCE |
|
|
Napoleonic Code
|
Legal unity
CDodification of French law Criminally commercial, penal Emphasize protection of private property Central gov. unity |
|
|
Concordat of 1801
|
Pope renounce claim to Church property lost in early years of Revolution (peasants divided alleigence)
Refractory clergy could replace priests who had taken oath of loyalty to state Catholic freedom of worship Replaced Revolutionary Calendar Appoint as many Protestants as Catholics |
|
|
Treaty of Luneville
|
Bratain moved off of European continent
Austria lost Italian possessions to Napoleon German territory on West bank of Rhine given to France Russia tried to get foothold in Mediterranean, withdrew after British blockade |
|
|
Battle of Trafalgar
|
French and Spanish fleets defeated by British navy, Horatio Nelson killed
|
|
|
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Moravia, Alexander I pulled Russian troops out, Austria was forced to give up much territory in exchange for peace
|
|
|
Arch de Triomphe
|
built in 1806 to commemorate victory in Austerlitz
Roman times 3rd Coalition Collapsed |
|
|
Treaty of Tilsit
|
1807
Prussia ceded land to France (1/2 its population) Russia accepts Napolon's dominance of Western, Central Europe Accept Napolon's continental system (against English) |
|
|
Confederation of the Rhine
|
Napoleon consolidated 300 soverign states into 15 (Germany)
Did not include Austria, Prussia, Saxony Napolon's title is protector HRE abolished (in Gremany) |
|
|
Continental System
|
economic warfare against Britain
stalemate in 1805 starve another out French made of Berlin and Milarn Decree Brits: order of council |
|
|
Berlin Decree
|
Napolon closed continents ports to British ships
All big trading powers |
|
|
Orders in Council
|
Close ports under British control to French neutral ships confiscated if going to trade with continent
|
|
|
Milan Decree
|
Neutral ships tro Britain from it boarded by Brits, confiscated violate US neutral rights at sea
War of 1812 |
|
|
Peninsular War
|
1808-1814
Portugal violated continental system Napolon sent army through Spain Reserved king Spain waged guerilla warfare against French troops, all classes involved First revolt against Napoloeon's power |
|
|
Duke of Wellington
|
from Britain to help fight Peninsular war
Hundred Days: defeated Napoleon at Waterloo |
|
|
Battle of Bordino
|
Ended in draw: Russians retreat
Scorched earth policy France started with 600,000 ended with 30,000 Burn Moscow: effective |
|
|
War of 4th Coalition
|
Battle of Leipzip
1813-1814 Frankfurt Proposal Quadruple alliance (beginning of end) |
|
|
battle of Leipzig
|
Battle of Nations
Largest battle until 20th century Napoloen loses 500,000, refuses to accept peace terms |
|
|
Frankfurt Poposals
|
France reduced to boundaries of 1792, Napolon could remain in power
napoloen refuses |
|
|
Quadruple Alliance
|
1814
Napoleon forced to abdicate Bourbns restored to French throne |
|
|
Louis XVIII
|
Brother of Louis XVI
New mConsitituionfor France Ran away when Napoloen returned |
|
|
Charter of 1814
|
first Constitution offered by a monarch
Louis XVIII, came after Napoleon left Napoloen's reforms |
|
|
Elba
|
Where Napoleon was exiled
|
|
|
Horatio Nelson
|
British patriot fighter, killed 9in Battle of Traflagar
|
|
|
Congress of Vienna
|
Sept 1814 - June 1815
Austria, England, Russia, Prussia Big negotiatioins metternich there |
|
|
Metternich
|
conservative, from Austria
Opposed to liberal and reformed ideas because impact on Austria woudl be devastating Particularly vulnerable to nationalistic movements Offered Frankfurt Proposals |
|
|
Alexander I
|
Rulerof Russia, Congress of Vienna
Fought Napoleon |
|
|
German Confederation
|
Bund
Now 39 states Austria the President of the Diet of the Confederation After Congress of Vienna |
|
|
Waterloo
|
Napoleon defeated for the last time by Duke of Wellington
Belgium |
|
|
Concert of Europe
|
1815-48
Guarantee enforcement of peace of Vienna Very conservative Two parts: Quadruple alliance (enforcer) Congress system: diplomatic, guardians |
|
|
Holy Alliance
|
by Czar Alexander I
All monarch to sign statement to uphold Christian principles of charity, eace throughout Europe No one took it seriously Pope, Ottomans, Brits refuse to sign Liberals saw it as obstacle to liberty and progress |
