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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Roman Law?
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-Treated laws custom by custom
-A higher body would somehow judge -Using universal law/morals -Ex. "I won't peel off your face" because of human condition |
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What is the nature of man?
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If we are let to ourselves, we're both human, connects people
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Who was Socrates and what did he believe?
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-Socratic method= gain knowledge by questing
-Following of young rich boys (Plato) -Integrity= can't suffer long term harm bc everything changes/passes, only if you inflict suffering on someone else it suffers -"Knowledge is virtue"= if you understood the consequences of your actions, you wouldn't commit it -We have power to control what's happening bc we have reason -Virtue= ideal behavior based on a set of customs or values |
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What was Socrates view on politics?
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-Role of politician to serve the public/interest of the state
-Just ruler= rule in favor of those who were weak. |
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What is Roman Law?
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-Treated laws custom by custom
-A higher body would somehow judge -Using universal law/morals -Ex. "I won't peel off your face" because of human condition |
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What is the nature of man?
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If we are let to ourselves, we're both human, connects people
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Who was Socrates and what did he believe?
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-Socratic method= gain knowledge by questing
-Following of young rich boys (Plato) -Integrity= can't suffer long term harm bc everything changes/passes, only if you inflict suffering on someone else it suffers -"Knowledge is virtue"= if you understood the consequences of your actions, you wouldn't commit it -We have power to control what's happening bc we have reason -Virtue= ideal behavior based on a set of customs or values |
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What was Socrates view on politics?
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-Role of politician to serve the public/interest of the state
-Just ruler= rule in favor of those who were weak. |
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What is the main difference between church and theology?
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Institution vs. belief
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What is the appeal of Christianity?
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-Poor/weak people bc it creates a safe haven and suffering is devine
-Enfranchisement= most ppl have no political power -Equality= everyone's equal in God's eyes (BEST PART) -Heaven= no more suffering -Belong to something bigger than you |
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What's original sin and how does it relate to early theology?
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-When Eve bit the apple, sin everyone is born with (baptism)
-Nature of man is dirty and tainted -Human will= weak in the face of temptation, turn to God for strength |
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What is the differences between theology and philosophy?
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-One based in reason one based in faith
-Philosophy considered science bc of the 5 senses |
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What are the main points in City of God?
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-Two coexist physically
-End goal of both is too be in the City of God -Everything passes/changes except for God -When something goes wrong turn to God, can have an epiphany if you're really sorry, repentance |
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What is the difference between the City of man and the City of God?
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COG
-Towards God -Perfect version of city of man COM -Towards myself -No grace/salvation original sin |
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What are the differences between the Church and theology?
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Church
-Institution -Rules of the Church -Codify beliefs (regulating) -Political institution -Pope more powerful than King (immortality) Theology -Direction -Spirituality, faith |
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How did the power of the church and the power of the king clash?
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Church has immortality card, but state has $$ and army
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Why didn't the early people have a sense of nationality and why did it help them to join the church?
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-"Oh I'm French" they couldn't that back then they didn't know what they were
-Church meant you were part of a community and connected to others |
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What is Peterine supremacy?
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-St. Peter
-Papal supremacy since Peter was dead, the Pope is preaching God's will and cannot make mistakes -Rome is the center |
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What was the Great Schism?
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-Divide in East and West church
-East= bishop in Constantinople, Eastern Orthodox -West= bishop in Rome, Roman Catholic -Conflict bc there can't be two all powerful bishops -Different cultures, languages, spiritual, but mostly political split -Unam Sanctum= I can control you, saying you have the most authority |
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Why did the Crusades happen?
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Fights for the holy land "reclaim" Jerusalem
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What were three results of the Crusades?
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-Trade= set stage for Renaissance, more $
-More power in the hand of rulers= warrior class, standing army -Arab culture= pagans are dying off, try to convert barbarians, high death toll |
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What is lay investure?
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Where they king gets to appoint the bishop, violating Church authority
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What was the Feudalism system?
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-Reciprocal relationship= king protects vassal, vassal provides for king, mutual relationship
-Contract= sets structure for constitutional gov, unwritten constitution, vassals can overthrow king if he doesn't do his job and king can make vassals do their job -Agriculture= more food, population growth (overcrowded) leads to more communities |
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What are crop rotation, surplus, and serfs and how do they relate to feudalism?
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-Crop rotation= use two and switch one to fallow
-Surplus= stored food to avoid famine -Serfs= tied to the land, work to be part of a community and protection, not "salves" bc they are Christian |
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What are the significance of towns in mediaeval societies?
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People flock to towns bc...
-Political freedom= rights for town as whole rather than individual, not obligated to a lord but a king (king doesn't really bother -Individual rights= the right to work for yourself -Social structure= rigid and strict yet conforming because it gives one peace, also money and competition (good) |
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What is a Bureaucracy?
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Levels within government
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What was the plague and how did it occur?
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-Trade emerges from Crusades, rats have fleas and fleas bite people, bubonic transfer by blood or air
-Over half of European population died -Remedy= only remedy is God not really helping the pain, serious hygiene probs make it worse, less people believe in God |
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What was the impact of the plague?
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-Everyone's dead
-God= contradiction, is it God's wrath, PTSD, couldn't appreaciate what they had b/c they didn't have anything, new skepticism of religion God is supposed to be caring lead to humanist thought -Anger and scapegoats= blame the Jews -Increase in agricultural production, less ppl to feed, more food, more efficient production, rich get richer -Migration= people are leaving towns bc it's gross, going to farms in isolation which leads to breaking from the Catholic Church |
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What is dispensable income?
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Money left over after everything I need is payed for, money to spend
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What's per capital wealth?
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Wealth increases, life will change
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What is isolation and how did it relate to the post plague/
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-People moved out of towns into rural areas
-Lack of cultural cohesion, waning allegiance to church -Leads to social individualism |
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What is a burgher?
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A merchant, people in towns, people in towns making the money and getting rich
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What was a city-state and how was Italy an example of one?
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-City state= non feudal states, politically independent
-Was a republic city-state, DC to more money -Merchant guilds= trade is gained from crusades, Roman Empire, shipbuilding -Political structure= non a democracy, turns into an oligarchy (75% of ppl don't vote) based on $ -Merchants= set prices, wages, who can be in the guild, control political power and wealth |
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What is a republic, democracy, merchant guild, and an oligarchy?
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-Republic= authority to rule based on the consent of the governed (citizens)
-Democracy= people are sovereign, requires majority to feel enfranchised with gov. -Merchant guilds= specialist -Oligarchy= ruled by few (wealthy) |
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What are the pros and cons of city states?
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Pros
-Economic growth bc they are restricted by the manorial system -Competition breeds growth and innovation Con -Fatal flaw= prone to attack by French and don't offer the same kind of protection as a country has |
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What happened before humanism and what lead up to it?
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-Pre-humanism= Church, St. Augustine founder of Christian theology, the only education that mattered
-Lead up to humanism= If this Christian God is kind and loving why did he give us the plague (who controls my fate?), people felt okay with rebellion bc God would still offer salvation |
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What is humanism?
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Rational thought, belief in the power of man, we control our own destiny
-Our success is based on our actions -However, no science so we can't prove anything |
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What is Virtu?
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The best qualities of man, powerful man
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What is the significance of the Machiavelli?
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-Human nature= men are fickle, cowardly, unreliable, resist change, self interested
-Fortune and change v. God's power= doesn't believe in hierarchy just power |
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What is civic humanism and how did it apply to Machiavelli?
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Civic humanism= applying humanist thoughts to structure of gov.
-Who better to run the country than the smartest person we know? |
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What are the important points on politics and power?
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-Fear rather than love, fear is a more legitimate controlling technique
-DC between gov and personal views on man human nature -Power= all you have to maintain to be a ruler |
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Who was Petrarch and what were his views?
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-Poet and philosopher, father of humanist thought
-Philosophy= God wanted us to be humanist, not a flaw, they don't have to contradict, meaning of life is to find pleasure on the earthly world (but can still be saved) |
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Why did art develop in the Renaissance?
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-God's gift to me that I could create art
-Imagery is different= stiff, 2-D, flat before, after realism play with light depth perception, 3-D -Sign of wealth= get painted if you're rich |
