Study your flashcards anywhere!
Download the official Cram app for free >
- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Read
Toggle OnToggle Off
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
A key: Read text to speech.a key
65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
c11
-establish Modern Devotion, centralized in Netherlands |
Gerald Groote
#1 c11 |
|
c11
-fostered religious life outside formal ecclestical officies and apart from formal religious vows |
The Modern Devotion (Brothers of the Common Life)
#2 cll |
|
c11
-summarized philosophy of Common Life Brothers in book -guide to inner life |
Thomas a Kempis/ "Imitation of Christ"
#3 c11 |
|
c11
officies granted by ruler or pope to individual |
benefice
#4 c11 |
|
c11
-righteousness that God demands does not result fom religious cerimonies but given to those who believe in Christ -challenges infallibility of Pope, wants sovereign athority of Scripture alone |
Martin Luther
#5 c11 |
|
c11
-by Luther, seemed to demand a perfection that could not be given by humans |
"righteousness of God"
#6 c11 |
|
c11
-Luther, gradual process that extended b/t 1513 and 1518 |
"justification by faith alone"
#7 c11 |
|
c11
remission of temporal penalty imposed by priests on penitents |
indulgence
#8 c11 |
|
c11
-refers to money given to preists by sinners as payment for their mortal sins |
"works of satisfaction"
#9 c11 |
|
c11
-proclaimed existence of ___ - infinite reservoir of good works in churchs possession that could be given by pope |
1343: Pope Clement VI: "treasury of merit"
#10 c11 |
|
c11
-on basis of 'treasury of merit' church sold these which covered the works of satisfaction owed by penitents |
"letters of indulgences"
#11 c11 |
|
c11
Pope Leo X -proceeds from were to be used to rebuild St. Peters Basilica -promised forgivness of all unrepented sins upon completion of certain acts |
1517: Jubillee Indulgence
#12 c11 |
|
c11
-indulgence preacher; enlisted to preach the indulgence in Albrechts territories b/c seasoned professional who reached people |
John Tetzel
#13 c11 |
|
c11
-embraced by humanists and other reforms -made luther famous and prompted proceedings against him |
"95 Thesis"/Whittenburg Door
#14 c11 |
|
c11
-succeeded grandfather and became___ -assisted by Hapsburg imperial rule and Fugger campaigne chest secured votes of seven electors -development of REformation by preventing unilateral imperial action against germans |
Charles I of Spain/ Emperor Charles V
#15 c11 |
|
c11
-urged german princes to force reforms on Roman church especially to curtail political and economic power in germany |
1520: "The Address of the Christian Nobility of the Geramn Nation"
#16 c11 |
|
c11
-attacked traditional seven sacraments, arguing only two, Baptism and Eucharist, were biblical, and exalted authority of Scripture, councils, princes over pope |
1520: "The Babylonian Captivity of the Church"
#17 c11 |
|
c11
-summarized new teaching of salvation by faith alone |
1520: "Freedom of a Christian"
#18 c11 |
|
c11
-Leo's papal bull__condemned luther for heresy and gave him 60 days to retract |
June 15, 1520: "Exsurge Domine
#19 c11 |
|
c11
final bull that excommunicated Luther |
January 3, 1521: Decet Pontificem Romanum
#20 c11 |
|
ch11
-each german territory was free to enforce the Edict of Worms against Luther -gave princes territorial sovereignty in religious matters |
1526: German Diet of Speyer
#21 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Luther placed under imperial ban and thereafter became an outlaw to secular and religious athority |
1521: Edict of Worms
#22 ch11 |
|
ch11
-influenced by Euramus; opossed indulgences -competed for priest in Zurich but contested b/c fornitcation with woman but got position and reformed for clergy to marry --party to breaking of Lenten fast; whatever lacked literal support in Scripture was to be neither believed or practiced |
Ulrich Zwingli/ Swiss Reformation
#23 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Philip of Hesse brouth 2 Protestant learders together but they were unable to work out differences -disagreement splintered Protestant movment |
1529: Marburg Colloquy
#24 ch11 |
|
ch11
-'thanksgiving' celebration of last supper; considered central christian ritual -doctrine that entire substances of bread and wine are changed in the Eucharist into body and blood of Christ |
Eucharist/ Transubstantiation
#25 ch11 |
|
ch11
definitive statement of Lutheran belief |
Augsburg Confession
#26 ch11 |
|
ch11
-seperate defense leagues formed, semi-Swinglian theological views came embodied in |
Tetrapolitan Confession
#27 ch11 |
|
ch11
-to rebaptize -distinguished by rejection of infant babtism adn insistence on only adult baptism |
Anabaptist
#28 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Anabaptists originated; performed first adult rebaptism in Zurich -supported sity gov plea for gradual removal of tradictional religous practices -his group |
Conrad Grebel/ The Swiss Brethren
#29 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Swiss Brethren embodied in -not only by their practise of adult bap. but also by refusal to go to war, swear oaths, and participate in secular gov |
1527: Schleitheim Confession
#30 ch11 |
|
ch11
-isolated indiv.-distain for tradition -only religous athority is God |
Spiritualist
#31 ch11 |
|
ch11
-freelance critic of dogmatic religion, proclaimed the religious autonomy of every soul |
Sebastian Franck
#32 ch11 |
|
ch11
-exponents of a commonsense, rational, and ethical religion |
Antitrinitiarns
#33 ch11 |
|
ch11
-a founder of Socinianism -strongest opponents of Calvinism--its belief in original sin and predestination |
Faustus Sozzini/ Socinianism
#34 ch11 |
|
ch11
-german sociologist;famous study-argues that this peculiar combination of religious confidence and self-disciplined activism produced an ethic that stimulated spirit of emergant capitalism |
Max Weber/ (1904) "The Protestant Ethic and the Spitit of Capitalism"
#35 ch11 |
|
ch11
-son of bishop; own experience became model of reform that would later apply to recalitrant citizenry of Geneva -stressed sovereignty of God over all and necessity of conformity to His will |
John Calvin
#36 ch11 |
|
ch11
-considered to be difinitive theological statement of Protestant faith -by Calvin |
"Institutes of Christian Religion"
#37 ch11 |
|
ch11
-achieve his goal -'model Protestant city' -organized into 4 offices: 1-pastors; 2- teachers; 3- elders; 4- deacons |
Strasbourg Model
#38 ch11 |
|
ch11
-they should live in a manifestly God-pleasing way -God had foreordanined all souls to salvation or damination (Calvinism) |
the "elect"/ predestination
#39 ch11 |
|
ch11
-strong worded Protestant confession by Luther in place of Augsburg Confession |
1538: Schmalkadic Articles
#40 ch11 |
|
ch11
Charles reinstated the Protestant leaders and guaranteed Lutherans religiou freedom |
1552: Peace of Passau
#41 ch11 |
|
ch11
made division of Christendom permanent |
1555: Peace of Augsburg
#42 ch11 |
|
ch11
the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land |
cuius regio, eius religio
#43 ch11 |
|
ch11
-english reformer who translatd New Testament into English |
William Tyndale
#44 ch11 |
|
ch11
King Henry VIII defended seven sacraments against Luther and earned___from Leo X |
Defender of the Faith
#45 ch11 |
|
ch11
-daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain -daughter Mary, husband Henry VIII -Charles worried about female heir |
Catherine of Aragon
#46 ch11 |
|
ch11
-had Catherine, took Boleyn -could not get annulment -why not declare king supreme in English spiritual affairs |
Henry VIII
#47 ch11 |
|
ch11
placed canon law under royal control and thereby the clergy under royal jurisdiction |
1532: Submission of the Clergy
#48 ch11 |
|
ch11
made Anne Boleyn's children legitamate heirs to the throne |
1534: Act of Succession
#49 ch11 |
|
ch11
by Parliament in 1534 that Henry VIII not the Pope was head of Church in England |
1534: Act of Supremacy
#50 ch11 |
|
ch11
-1536 executed for treason and child called illagitimate -Henry VIII second wife |
Anne Boleyn
#51 ch11 |
|
ch11
-mild concessions to Protestant tenets, otherwise maintaining Catholic doctrine |
Ten Articles of 1536
#52 ch11 |
|
ch11
-imposed Cranmers book on all English churches |
1549: Act of Uniformity
#53 ch11 |
|
ch11
-images and alters were removed form churches |
Thomas Cranmer/ "Book of Common Prayer"
#54 ch11 |
|
ch11
-42 article -moderate Protestant doctrine; justification by faith, supremacy of Scripture |
1552: Second Act of Conformity
#55 ch11 |
|
ch11
"Men are to be changed by, not to change, religion" -by superior general of Hermits of Saint Augustine |
1513: Fifth Lateran Council
#56 ch11 |
|
ch11
-religious order of 16th century -to groom devout and reform minded leaders at high levels of church hierarchy |
1524: Theatines
#57 ch11 |
|
ch11
-founder of Jesuits -heroic figure; impressed by self sacrifice in Christian classics decided to serve church as a soldier of Christ |
Ignatius of Loyola
#58 ch11 |
|
ch11
-new order of Jesuits -by Ignatius of Loyola in 1530s -officially recognized in 1540 by church -original 10 members to 15000 all over world |
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
#59 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Ignatitus applied lessons he learned to a program of religious and moral self discipline embodied in -mental and emotional exercises to teach spiritual mastery of feelings -can reshape behavior by practice |
"Spiritual Exercises"
#60 ch11 |
|
ch11
-council of church met in 1545 at imperial city in northern Italy -3 sessions over 18 years with interruptions of war, plague, and politics -spaned over 4 diff popes -under Popes control only -most important reform: steps taken to surtail selling of church officies -sought to give priest brighter image |
Council of Trent
#61 ch11 |
|
ch11
selling of church officies |
simony
#62 ch11 |
|
ch11
-contended that conquest was not necessary for conversion -result of campaign was new royal regulation of conquest after 1550 |
Bartolome de Las Casas
#63 ch11 |
|
ch11
-another result of Las Casas compaign -portrayed all Spanish treatment of Indians as unprincipled and inhumane |
"Black Legend"
#64 ch11 |
|
ch11
-Calvins successor -founded Genevan Academy; evolved into University of Geneva -training Calvinist ministers |
Thedore Beza
#65 ch11 |