Ap Environmental Science Ch.4,5,6

Front 1

The cycling of a chemical element through the biosphere; its pathways, storage locations, and chemical forms in the atmosphere, oceans, sediments, and lithosphere

Back 1

Biogeochemical cycle

Front 2

Biogeochemical cylcle of carbon. Carbon is combined with oxygen and hydrogen cycles that found the major compounds of life

Back 2

Carbon cycle

Front 3

Complex biogeochemical cycle , included in this cycle are weathering, transport by ground to surface waters, this has important negative feedback that controls the temperature of the atmosphere

Back 3

Carbon silicate cycle

Front 4

compounds and elements undergo a chemical change to become a new substance

Back 4

chemical reaction

Front 5

Boundary between two lithosphere plates in which one plate descends below the other

Back 5

Convergent plate boundary

Front 6

the conversion of nitrate to molecular nitrogen by the action of bacteria an important part of the nitrogen cycle

Back 6

Dentrification

Front 7

Boundary between lithosphere plates characterized by the production of new lithosphere; found along ocean ridges

Back 7

Divergent plate boundary

Front 8

the application of geologic information to the environmental problems

Back 8

Environmental geology

Front 9

The formation destruction of earth materials and the process responsible for these events; includes hydrologic, tectonic, rock and geochemical cycles

Back 9

geologic cycle

Front 10

circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere and back to the oceans by way of evaporation, runoff from streams and rivers, and groundwater flow

Back 10

Hydrologic cycle

Front 11

The single requirement for growth available in the least supply in comparison to the need of an organism

Back 11

limiting factor

Front 12

outer layer of earth, 100 km thick composed of the plates that contain the ocean basins

Back 12

lithosphere

Front 13

Elements required in large amounts by living things (big six: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Back 13

Macro nutrients

Front 14

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Back 14

matter

Front 15

Chemical elements that are required in very small amounts

Back 15

micronutrients

Front 16

biogeochemical cycle responsible for moving important nitrogen components through the earths biosphere and other earth systems

Back 16

Nitrogen cycle

Front 17

The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammoniai, nitrate ion, or amino acids

Back 17

Nitrogen fixation

Front 18

Permanently frozen ground

Back 18

permafrost

Front 19

Biogeochemical cycle involving the movement pf phosphorus throughout the biosphere and lithosphere

Back 19

phosphorus cycle

Front 20

Synthesis of sugars from the carbon dioxide and water by living organisms using light as energy

Back 20

Photosynthesis

Front 21

Model of global tectonics, plates move relative to one another

Back 21

plate tectonics

Front 22

Series on chemical reactions in organisms that make energy available for use. water, carbon dioxide and energy are the products

Back 22

respirations

Front 23

Processes that produce igneous, metaphoric, and sedimentary rocks

Back 23

rock cycle

Front 24

The most important group of rock forming minerals

Back 24

Silicate materials

Front 25

A process in which one lithosphere plate descends beneath another

Back 25

subduction

Front 26

Processes that change earth's crust, producing external forms such as ocean basins, continents, and mountains

Back 26

techtonic cycle

Front 27

The estimated number of abortions per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 in a given year

Back 27

abortion rate

Front 28

the estimate number of abortions per 1000 live births in a given year

Back 28

abortion ration

Front 29

the ratio of dependent-aged people to working-age people

Back 29

Age dependency ration

Front 30

Structure of a population divided into groups by age

Back 30

Age structure(of a population)

Front 31

The rate at which births occur in a population

Back 31

Birth rate

Front 32

A disease that is usually present in a population typically occurring in a relatively small but constant percentage of a population

Back 32

Chronic disease

Front 33

The rate at which deaths occur in a population

Back 33

Death rate

Front 34

the pattern of change in birth and death rates as a country is transformed from undeveloped to developed. Birth/death rates are high, growth rate is low -> death rate decreases, birth/growth is the same-> birth rate decreases, growth decreases

Back 34

Demographic Transition

Front 35

The study of populations, their patters in space and time

Back 35

Demography

Front 36

Disease that appears occasionally in the population, affects large percentage of it, disappears, then reappears

Back 36

Epidemic disease

Front 37

The net increase in some factor per unit of time

Back 37

Growth rate

Front 38

The study of human population characteristics such as age structure, demographic transition, total fertility, etc

Back 38

Human demology

Front 39

The estimated average number of years that an individual of a specific age can expect it to live

Back 39

Life expectancy

Front 40

in terms of the logistic curve, the pop size at which births equals deaths and there is no net change in the population

Back 40

Logistic carrying capacity

Front 41

The S-shaped growth curve that is generated by the Logistic growth equation,->pop grows rapidly, reaches a constant size

Back 41

Logistic growth curve

Front 42

Genetically determined maximum possible age to which an individual of a species can live

Back 42

Maximum lifetime

Front 43

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information

Back 43

Population

Front 44

The number of individuals or proportion of the population in each age class

Back 44

Population age structure

Front 45

A group of individuals capable of interbreeding

Back 45

Species

Front 46

Average number of children expected to be born to a woman during her lifetime

Back 46

Total fertility

Front 47

A population in which the number of births equal the number of deaths, so that there is no net change in the population

Back 47

Zero population growth