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47 Cards in this Set
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The cycling of a chemical element through the biosphere; its pathways, storage locations, and chemical forms in the atmosphere, oceans, sediments, and lithosphere
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Biogeochemical cycle
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Biogeochemical cylcle of carbon. Carbon is combined with oxygen and hydrogen cycles that found the major compounds of life
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Carbon cycle
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Complex biogeochemical cycle , included in this cycle are weathering, transport by ground to surface waters, this has important negative feedback that controls the temperature of the atmosphere
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Carbon silicate cycle
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compounds and elements undergo a chemical change to become a new substance
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chemical reaction
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Boundary between two lithosphere plates in which one plate descends below the other
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Convergent plate boundary
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the conversion of nitrate to molecular nitrogen by the action of bacteria an important part of the nitrogen cycle
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Dentrification
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Boundary between lithosphere plates characterized by the production of new lithosphere; found along ocean ridges
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Divergent plate boundary
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the application of geologic information to the environmental problems
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Environmental geology
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The formation destruction of earth materials and the process responsible for these events; includes hydrologic, tectonic, rock and geochemical cycles
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geologic cycle
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circulation of water from the oceans to the atmosphere and back to the oceans by way of evaporation, runoff from streams and rivers, and groundwater flow
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Hydrologic cycle
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The single requirement for growth available in the least supply in comparison to the need of an organism
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limiting factor
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outer layer of earth, 100 km thick composed of the plates that contain the ocean basins
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lithosphere
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Elements required in large amounts by living things (big six: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
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Macro nutrients
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Anything that occupies space and has mass
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matter
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Chemical elements that are required in very small amounts
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micronutrients
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biogeochemical cycle responsible for moving important nitrogen components through the earths biosphere and other earth systems
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Nitrogen cycle
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The process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammoniai, nitrate ion, or amino acids
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Nitrogen fixation
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Permanently frozen ground
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permafrost
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Biogeochemical cycle involving the movement pf phosphorus throughout the biosphere and lithosphere
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phosphorus cycle
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Synthesis of sugars from the carbon dioxide and water by living organisms using light as energy
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Photosynthesis
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Model of global tectonics, plates move relative to one another
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plate tectonics
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Series on chemical reactions in organisms that make energy available for use. water, carbon dioxide and energy are the products
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respirations
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Processes that produce igneous, metaphoric, and sedimentary rocks
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rock cycle
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The most important group of rock forming minerals
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Silicate materials
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A process in which one lithosphere plate descends beneath another
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subduction
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Processes that change earth's crust, producing external forms such as ocean basins, continents, and mountains
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techtonic cycle
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The estimated number of abortions per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 in a given year
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abortion rate
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the estimate number of abortions per 1000 live births in a given year
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abortion ration
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the ratio of dependent-aged people to working-age people
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Age dependency ration
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Structure of a population divided into groups by age
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Age structure(of a population)
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The rate at which births occur in a population
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Birth rate
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A disease that is usually present in a population typically occurring in a relatively small but constant percentage of a population
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Chronic disease
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The rate at which deaths occur in a population
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Death rate
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the pattern of change in birth and death rates as a country is transformed from undeveloped to developed. Birth/death rates are high, growth rate is low -> death rate decreases, birth/growth is the same-> birth rate decreases, growth decreases
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Demographic Transition
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The study of populations, their patters in space and time
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Demography
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Disease that appears occasionally in the population, affects large percentage of it, disappears, then reappears
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Epidemic disease
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The net increase in some factor per unit of time
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Growth rate
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The study of human population characteristics such as age structure, demographic transition, total fertility, etc
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Human demology
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The estimated average number of years that an individual of a specific age can expect it to live
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Life expectancy
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in terms of the logistic curve, the pop size at which births equals deaths and there is no net change in the population
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Logistic carrying capacity
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The S-shaped growth curve that is generated by the Logistic growth equation,->pop grows rapidly, reaches a constant size
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Logistic growth curve
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Genetically determined maximum possible age to which an individual of a species can live
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Maximum lifetime
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A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding and sharing genetic information
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Population
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The number of individuals or proportion of the population in each age class
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Population age structure
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A group of individuals capable of interbreeding
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Species
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Average number of children expected to be born to a woman during her lifetime
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Total fertility
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A population in which the number of births equal the number of deaths, so that there is no net change in the population
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Zero population growth
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