Ap Environmental Science

Front 1

2002 World Summit

Back 1

A complex action plan of sustainable development. Considered issues such as population growth, poverty, depletion of resources, and land/habitat loss.

Front 2

Acute toxicity

Back 2

Adverse effects that occur within a short period of time after exposure to a toxicant.

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Nuclear power advantages

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cleaner fuel, emits very few pollutants into atmosphere

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Biomass an an energy source

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Consists of materials such as wood, plant algal/crops and other organic matter/

Contains chemical energy.

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Biomes

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Tundra
Taiga
Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Decidious Forest
Grasslands
Chapparal
Deserts
Savanna

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Biosphere

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The layer of earth containing all living organisms.

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Carcinogen

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Any substance that causes cancer or accelerates its development.

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Carrying Capacity

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(K)The maximum number of individuals of a given species that can be supported substainably assuming there are no major environmental changes. K of humans is unknown.

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Cellular respiration

Back 9

A process by which energy of organic molecules is released inside of cells.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

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CFC's

Back 10

Human made organic compounds composed of carbon, chlorine, and flourine that have been banned because they attack the atmosphere. (ex. old refrigerators)

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Chemosynthesis

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The biological process by which certian bacteria take inorganic compounds from the environment and use them to obtain energy and make carbohydrate molecules.

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Coevolution

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Interdependent evolution of two or more species that occurs as a result of their interactions over a period of time.

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Commons

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Resources that are avaliable to everyone but no one is responsible for.

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Community

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Association of different species together in the same habitat.

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Competition

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Interaction amoung organisms that vie for the same resources in an ecosystem.

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Consumption Overpopulation

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A situation in which each individual in a population consumes too large of a share of resources . It results in pollution and resource depletion.

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Control Rods

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A rod made of chemical elements capable of absorbing many neutrons without fissioning themselves. They are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of fission of uranium and plutonium

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Cost-benefit analysis

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A mechanism that helps policy makers make decisions about environmental issues. Compares estimated coast with potential benefits.

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Interspecific vs Intraspecific competition

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Inter-competition between different members of different species. Intra-competition between members of the same species.

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Growth rate

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r=(b-d)+(i-e)
Growth rate=(births-deaths)+(immigration-emigration)

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Current World Population

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6.7 billion

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Density-dependent factor

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Environmetal factor whose effects on a population change as population density changes. ex. disease, predation, competition

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Density-independent factor

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Environmental factor that affects the size of a population but isn't influenced by changes in population density. ex. weather events, fire

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Dose Response Curve

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In toxicology a graph that shows the effect of different doses on a population of test organsims.

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LD50

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The dose that is lethal to 50% of test subjects.

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ED50

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Dose that causes an observable response in 50% of the population.

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Threshold level

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The maximum dose that has no noticeable effect.

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Ecotone

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Transitional zone between two ecosystems or biomes.

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Environmental Science

Back 29

Interdisiplinary study.

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Environmental Sustainability

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Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 31

I=PxAxT

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Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 32

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

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environmantal sustainability

Front 33

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 33

endocrine disrupters

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Pollution

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Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 35

This is the #1 environmental problem

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human popluation growth

Front 36

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 36

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 37

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 37

zebra muscles

Front 38

What to CFCs do

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Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 39

Environmental Science

Back 39

Interdisiplinary study.

Front 40

Environmental Sustainability

Back 40

Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 41

I=PxAxT

Back 41

Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 42

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

Back 42

environmantal sustainability

Front 43

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 43

endocrine disrupters

Front 44

Pollution

Back 44

Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 45

This is the #1 environmental problem

Back 45

human popluation growth

Front 46

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 46

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 47

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 47

zebra muscles

Front 48

What to CFCs do

Back 48

Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 49

Environmental Science

Back 49

Interdisiplinary study.

Front 50

Environmental Sustainability

Back 50

Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 51

I=PxAxT

Back 51

Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 52

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

Back 52

environmantal sustainability

Front 53

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 53

endocrine disrupters

Front 54

Pollution

Back 54

Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 55

Environmental Science

Back 55

Interdisiplinary study.

Front 56

This is the #1 environmental problem

Back 56

human popluation growth

Front 57

Environmental Sustainability

Back 57

Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 58

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 58

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 59

I=PxAxT

Back 59

Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 60

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 60

zebra muscles

Front 61

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

Back 61

environmantal sustainability

Front 62

What to CFCs do

Back 62

Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 63

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 63

endocrine disrupters

Front 64

Pollution

Back 64

Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 65

This is the #1 environmental problem

Back 65

human popluation growth

Front 66

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 66

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 67

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 67

zebra muscles

Front 68

Environmental Science

Back 68

Interdisiplinary study.

Front 69

What to CFCs do

Back 69

Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 70

Environmental Sustainability

Back 70

Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 71

I=PxAxT

Back 71

Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 72

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

Back 72

environmantal sustainability

Front 73

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 73

endocrine disrupters

Front 74

Environmental Science

Back 74

Interdisiplinary study.

Front 75

Pollution

Back 75

Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 76

Environmental Sustainability

Back 76

Ability to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meet theirs.

Front 77

This is the #1 environmental problem

Back 77

human popluation growth

Front 78

I=PxAxT

Back 78

Total impact=population x affluence x technology

Front 79

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 79

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 80

Agenda 21(1992) developed a plan of what?

Back 80

environmantal sustainability

Front 81

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 81

zebra muscles

Front 82

Chemicals that mimic/ interfere with actions of endocrine system

Back 82

endocrine disrupters

Front 83

What to CFCs do

Back 83

Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 84

Pollution

Back 84

Any alteration of the physical environment that harms the health or survival of any living organisms.

Front 85

This is the #1 environmental problem

Back 85

human popluation growth

Front 86

WHy was the reintroduction of wolves into yellowstone national park controversial

Back 86

Because they might prey on surrounding livestock

Front 87

What was accidently introduced into the Great Lakes

Back 87

zebra muscles

Front 88

What to CFCs do

Back 88

Decrease the level of stratospheric ozone

Front 89

Highly developed countries are charachetized by this

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High per capita incomes

Front 90

Differences between deleoped/developing countries are

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income levels, industrilization levels, fertility rates

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How to adress environmental problems.

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Scientific assesment
RIsk analysis
Public education/ involvement
Political action
Evaluation

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WHo's most responsible for setting aside national forsests in the late 1800s?

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Theodoor Roosevelt

Front 93

Force behind Yosemite & Sequoia national parks

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John Muir

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National Environemental Policy Act

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requires evaluation of any construction

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Photosynthesis is a(n) ___ factor

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abiotic

Front 96

Vital damage after long exposure

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chronic toxicity

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Biogeochemical cycles explain what

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movement of water and other material throught abiotic and biotoic interactions

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What do bacteria do

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Transform nitrogen into forms useful for the plants

Front 99

Order of atmospheric layers

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earth
tropo
strato
meso
thermo
exo

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HEad of US forest service

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Gifford Pinchot

Front 101

small to large heirachies

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populalation->community->ecosystem->biome

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Anthracite coal

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is hard and burns clearly

Front 103

Sulfur oxides

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remove large amounts of water air pollution

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Tar sands, oil shales, gas hydrates are ex. of

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synfuels

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Worlds main energy source is

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oil