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119 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
abstraction
formation of an idea, as of the qualities or properties of a thing, by mental separation from particular instances or material objects
aesthetic
sensitive to art and beauty; showing good taste; artistic
allegory
a story in which people, things, and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning: allegories are used for teaching or explaining ideas, moral principles, etc.
alliteration
repetition of an initial sound, usually of a consonant or cluster, in two or more words of a phrase, line of poetry, etc.
allusion
an indirect reference; casual mention
ambiguity
the quality or state of being vague
analogy
similarity in some respects between things otherwise unlike; partial resemblance
anaphora
repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, lines of verse, etc.
anastrophe
reversal of the usual order of the parts of a sentence; inversion (Ex.: “Came the dawn”)
anecdote
a short, entertaining account of some happening, usually personal or biographical
antecedent
going or coming before in time, order, or logic; prior; previous; preceding
antithesis
a contrast or opposition of thoughts, usually in two phrases, clauses, or sentences (Ex.: you are going; I am staying)
ethos appeal
convincing by the character of the author
pathos appeal
persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions
logos appeal
means persuading by the use of reasoning
aphorism
a concise statement of a principle
apostrophe
the addressing of a usually absent person or a usually personified thing rhetorically
appositive
a grammatical construction in which two usually adjacent nouns having the same referent stand in the same syntactical relation to the rest of a sentence
assonance
relatively close juxtaposition of similar sounds especially of vowels (ex: stony, holy)
asyndeton
a style that omits conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses
atmosphere
the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art
an intriguing or singular tone, effect or appeal
audience
a group of listeners or spectators
a reading, viewing, or listening public
cacophony
harshness in the sound of words or phrases
clause
a syntactic construction containing a subject and predicate
climax
the highest or most intense part or point in the development of something
colloquialism
characteristic of ordinary or familiar conversation or writing rather than formal
concession
to acknowledge as true, just, or proper
concrete
constituting on an actual thing or instance; real; perceptible
connotation
the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression
deductive reasoning
to derive as a conclusion from something known or assumed; infer
denotation
the literal or dictionary definition of a term, regardless of symbolism
detail
an individual or minute part; an item or particular
dialect
a provincial, rural, or socially distinct variety of a language that differs from the standard language
diction
style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words; word choice
didactic
intended for instructions, instructive
dramatic monologue
a poetic form in which a single character, addressing a silent auditor at a critical moment, reveals himself or herself and the dramatic situation
elegiac
sad or sorrowful; representing a sad poem
ellipsis
omitting one or more words that would have completed or clarified a sentence
enthymeme
a syllogism or other argument in which the conclusion is not expressed
epigraph
a motto or quote at the beginning of a literary composition that sets forth a theme
epistrophe
the repetition of a word or words at the end of two or more successive verbs, clauses, or sentences
euphemism
the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt
euphony
agreeableness of sounds; pleasing effect to the ear
extended metaphor
a metaphor that is extended through a stanza or entire poem, often by multiple comparisons of unlike objects or ideas
figurative language
speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning
figure of speech
any expressive use of language in which words are used in other than their literal sense
generalization
the act of inferring from particular facts, statistics, or the like
generic convection
features shown by texts that allow them to be put into a specific genre
genre
A class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like
homily
an inspirational saying or cliché
hyperbole
an exaggeration
hypotactic sentence
A sentence containing phrases or clauses arranged in dependent or subordinate relationships
idiolect
a person’s individual speech pattern
idiom
an expression whose meaning is not predictable from usual or literal meanings
imagery
the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively
inductive reasoning
reasoning from detailed facts to general principles; generalization
inference
infer
to conclude something even if it’s not logically derivable
inflection
the process or device of adding affixes to or changing the shape of a base to give it a different tense or function without changing its meaning or relationship to other words
invective
vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or reproach
verbal irony
a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
situation irony
an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected
dramatic irony
where a situation of a drama is understood by the audience but not the characters in the play
juxtaposition
an act or instance of placing close together or side by side for comparison or contrast
logical fallacies
an error of reasoning
loose sentence
a sentence that doesn’t end with the completion of its main clause, but continues with one or more subordinate clauses or other modifiers
metaphor
a figure of speech in which a term or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another to make an implicit comparison
metonymy
a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept that of another to which is related, or of which it is a part
mood
a prevailing emotional tone or general attitude
motif
a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc, especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work
narrative
a story or account of events, experiences, or the like, whether true or fictitious
onomatopoeia
the formation of a word by imitation of the sound made
oxymoron
a figure of speech by where two contrasting words are put together to make a seemingly self-contradictory effect
pacing
based largely on syntax, the movement of a literary piece from one point to another
paradox
a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth
parallelism
Likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency
paratactic sentences
short, simple sentences, without the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions
parenthetical expression
an expression in parentheses that is inserted into the flow of thought
parody
humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing
pedantic
writing that borders on lecturing- scholarly and academic and often overly difficult
periodic sentence
a sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements
persona
the narrator of or a character in a literary work, sometimes identified with the author
personification
to make an inanimate object or abstract notions have an attribute of personal nature or character
point of view
the position of the narrator in relation to the story; the narrator’s outlook from which the events are depicted and the attitude toward the characters
portmanteau
to blend sounds from two or more distinct words and combining their meanings to form a new word
polysyndeton
the repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect
predicate adjective
an adjective following a linking verb that describes the subject
predicate nominative
a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and refers to the same person or thing as the subject of the verb
prose
the ordinary form of spoken or written language, without metrical structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse
pun
the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words
repetition
The act or process of repeating or being repeated
rhetoric
one of the arts of using vocation as a means to entertain or persuade
rhetorical modes
strategies or methods for presenting subjects through writing or speech
rhetorical question
a question asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point; no answer is expected
rhetorical situation
the triangle created by the speaker/writer, the audience, and the occasion; affects what is said or written
sarcasm
a type of verbal, caustic, and bitter ironical expression of strong and personal disapproval intended to hurt.
satire
a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way, usually targeting groups or large concepts rather than individuals to inspire change
scheme
a plan, design, or program of action to be followed; an underhand plot
semantics
the study of meaning
shift
A systematic change of the phonetic or phonemic structure of a language
simile
a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared
stream of consciousness
where the thoughts and feelings of a character are presented as they occur
voice
the choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes
subject complement
a word or a group of words, that usually functioning as an adjective or noun in the place of a predicate. It describes or is identified with the subject of the sentence
subordinate clause
a clause that modifies the principal clause or some part of it or that serves a noun function in the principal clause
syllogism
an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument; deductive reasoning
symbol/symbolism
something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial
synecdoche
a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special
synesthesia
A condition in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another, as when the hearing of a sound produces the visualization of a color
syntax
the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words
theme
a subject of discourse, discussion, meditation, or composition; topic
thesis
a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, esp. one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections
tone
a writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter
transition
movement, passage, or change from one position, state, stage, subject, concept, etc., to another; change
tropes
A figure of speech using words in nonliteral ways, such as a metaphor
understatement
lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect
vernacular
expressed or written in the native language of a place, as literary works
voice
an expressed opinion or choice
wit
speech or writing showing such perception and expression
zeugma
the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words when it is appropriate to only one of them or is appropriate to each but in a different way