A&p Endocrine System

Front 1

___________ control is fast but short-lived

(on or off - instantaneous)

Back 1

Nervous

Front 2

_____________ control is slow and last a long time

(chemical)

Back 2

Chemical

Front 3

7 Organs of the endocrine system

Back 3

Hypothalamus

pituitary (hypophysis)

thyroid

parathyroid

adrenal

pineal

thymus

Front 4

Organs that have more than one role

Back 4

pancreas

testis

ovary

Front 5

Produces digestive enzymes, insulin and glucogone

Back 5

Pancreas

Front 6

the testies and ovaries are also known as the ___________.

Back 6

Gonads

Front 7

Produce gamates, sperm and eggs

Back 7

Gonads

Front 8

2 main classes of hormones based on how they are built

Back 8

Amino-acid based

Steroid based

Front 9

Most hormones are ______________ based.

Back 9

Amino-acid

Front 10

_________ hormones are water based and they like water because they are polar

Back 10

Amino acid-based

Front 11

______________ based hormones are synthesized from cholesterol

Back 11

Steroid

Front 12

Target cell specificity refers to.....

Back 12

Hormones circulate throughout body, but only affect cells that have receptors for that hormone

Front 13

If hormone level is low, cells produce more receptors to become more sensitive

Back 13

Up regulation

Front 14

If hormone level is high, cell may decrease number of receptors (taking away receptors)

Back 14

Down-regulation

Front 15

A cell that has the receptors that a particular hormone is attaching to is called the __________________

Back 15

Target cell

Front 16

5 cell effects resulting from mechanism of hormone action

Back 16

alters membrane permeability

Stimulates protein synthesis

Enzyme activity

Secretory activity

Cell division

Front 17

example of how hormones alter permeability

Back 17

Ions

Front 18

Example of hormones stimulating protein synthesis

Back 18

enzymes, collagen

Front 19

Example of hormones activating or deactivating enzyme activity

Back 19

Prolactin - mamory gland

Front 20

Example of hormones activating secretory activity

Back 20

increasing the activity level of glands

Front 21

Example of hormones activating cell division

Back 21

increase rate of mitosis

Front 22

2nd messenger

Back 22

cAMP

cyclic AMP

Front 23

Is cAMP steroid or amino acid based?

Back 23

Amino acid

Front 24

5 steps for 2nd messenger system

Back 24

1st messenger (hormone) binds to receptor

G protein is activated

Active g protein activates adenylate cyclase

Adenylate cyclase turns ATP into cAMP

cAmp activates protein kinases (which in turn activates or deactivates some enzymes)

Front 25

2 mechanisms of hormone action

Back 25

2nd messenger system

Direct gene activation

Front 26

Hormone mechanism of action where steroids easily diffuse thru membrane, bind to inracellular receptor and then the hormone/receptor complex is transported to the nucleus, attaches to DNA and activates gene.

Back 26

Direct gene activation

Front 27

Most hormones of the body are under ________ feedback control

Back 27

negative

Front 28

True or False

the nervous system can override the hormonal system eg: fight/flight

Back 28

True

Front 29

3 methods of that stimulate hormonal release

Back 29

Hormonal

Humoral

Neural

Front 30

Another hormone control the gland's release of hormone

Back 30

Hormonal stimuli

Front 31

3 types of hormonal stimuli

Back 31

RH - releasing hormone

IH - inhibiting hormone

tropic hormones that control other endocrine organs

Front 32

the hormonal stimuli is triggered by the level of something in the body fluids control gland

Back 32

Humoral

Front 33

stimuli causing a hormonal release by the nervous system - epi and nor-epi

Back 33

Neutral

Front 34

8 organs of the endocrine system

Back 34

Pituitary (hypophysis)

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Adrenal

Pancreas

Thymus

Front 35

attached by talk (infundibulum) to the inferior side of the brain

Back 35

Pituitary (hypophysis)

Front 36

2 main lobes of the pituitary

Back 36

Anterior adenohypophysis

Posterior neurohypophysis

Front 37

5 hormones released by the adenohypophysis

Back 37

Growth hormone GH

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Gonadotropins

Prolactin

Front 38

GH

Back 38

growth hormone

Front 39

TSH

Back 39

thyroid stimulating hormone

Front 40

ACTH

Back 40

adenocorticotropic hormone

Front 41

children have increased levels causing mitosis in general body tissues

Back 41

growth hormone

Front 42

Stimulates the thyroid that releases thyroid hormone

Back 42

TSH

Front 43

Is TSH tropic?

Back 43

yes

Front 44

Controls adrenal cortex

Back 44

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 45

2 kinds of gonadotropins that control ovaries and testies

Back 45

FSH

LH

Front 46

is prolactin tropic or not?

Back 46

not

Front 47

neural control of pituitary

Back 47

Posterior lobe aka neurohypophysis

Front 48

In neurphypophysis cell bodies of neurons are in the __________________ and endings are in the ______________.

Back 48

hypothalamus

Neurohypophysis

Front 49

glial like cells forun in the neurohypophysis

Back 49

pituicytes

Front 50

portion of the pituitary that stores hormones

Back 50

posterior lobe

Front 51

2 hormones stored in neurohypophysis

Back 51

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

Oxitocin

Front 52

If in the dessert ADH is high or low?

Back 52

High, it instructs the kidneys to retain water

Front 53

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in uterus and breast

Back 53

Oxytocin

Front 54

Is the release of oxytocin positive or negative feedback?

Back 54

positive

Front 55

Overlies the trachea and is inferior to the larynx

Back 55

Thyroid

Front 56

The structure of the thyroid is a ___________

Back 56

follicle

Front 57

True or False

Thyroid that controls calcitonin, regulating Ca++ balance. Decrease in blood Ca++ stimulates osteoblasts and humoral control

Back 57

True

Front 58

4 hidden in the posterior thyroid gland

Back 58

Parathyroid glands

Front 59

In the parathyroid gland small chief cells produce

Back 59

PTH

Front 60

PTH increases blood ca++ stimulating ____________. It is the single most important factor in ______ Ca++ control.

Back 60

osteoclasts

adult

Front 61

function of oxyphil cells

Back 61

unclear

Front 62

Located in the fat above each kidney

Back 62

Adreanal glands

Front 63

The adrenal gland is the size of ________

Back 63

the tip of a finger

Front 64

3 layers of zona of the adrenal cortex

Back 64

Zona glomerulosa

Zona fasciculata

Zona reticularis

Front 65

mineralocorticoids - ion blance

Back 65

zona glomerulosa