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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of the endocrine system
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Maintains homeostasis by releasing hormones; controls prolonged or continuous processes such as growth and development, reproduction and metabolism.
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Define hormone
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Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands; responsible for specific regulatory effects on certain parts or organs.
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Define target organ
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Organs that respond to a hormone, specific protein receptor must be present on its plasma membrane or its interior to which the hormone can attach.
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Define negative feedback
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Feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end
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Define tropic hormones
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Tropic hormones stimulate their target organs, which are also endocrine glands
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Hormones of the anterior pituitary
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Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulation hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinising hormone (GH, PRL,TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH )
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The endocrine system is made up of what?
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Cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids
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What is the difference between an endocrine gland and the exocrine gland?
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the endocrine secretes hormones in the blood and the exocrine gland produces substances and secretes in the ducts
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What are the tissues that hormones effect?
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target cells
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Explain how the negative feedback system works?
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when hormones reach below normal glands produce hormones and put into bloodstream to maintain homeostasis
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What is attached to the base of the brain and has a front lobe called the anterior pituitary?
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The pituitary gland
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The rear lobe of the pituitary gland is called?
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posterior pituitary
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Released hormones from the hypothalamus control what?
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The secretions of the anterior pituitary
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The posterior pituitary release hormones into the what?
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the bloodstream in response to nerve impulses form the hypothalamus
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What six hormones are secreted form the anterior pituitary?
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Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulation hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle stimulation hormone luteinising hormone
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What are the six hormone abbreviations?
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GH, PRL,TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
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The structure that actually produces the hormones released by the posterior pituitary is?
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hypothalamus
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What two hormones are associated with the hypothalamus?
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antidiuretic ADH and Oxytocin
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What is the function of ADH antidiuretic hormone?
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water balance via the kidneys conservation of water
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What is the function of oxytocin?
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cause uterine contractions during child birth and release milk
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Where is the thyroid gland located?
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below the larynx
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the two hormones secreted by the thyroid are?
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T3 and T4
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what is the function of T3 and T4?
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metabolism regulation
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How does TSH affect the release of T3 and T4?
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it will stimulate the thyroid to cause the release of T3 or T4
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What is the function of the hormone calcitonin?
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it lowers blood calcium phosphate ion levels
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how many parathyroid glands are their and where are they located?
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their are 4 in the thyroid
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what is the function of the parathyroid hormone? PTH
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it increase the levels of calcium ions in the blood
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The adrenal gland are located where?
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top of the kidneys enclosed in fat
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What is alsosterone?
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it controls sodium ion concentrations (water concentration)
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Name an important Glucocorticoid?
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cordisol
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What secretes hormones as an endocrine gland and digestive juices to the digestive tract as an exocrine gland?
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The pancreas
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What increases the blood levels of glucose?
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Glucagon
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What decreases the blood levels of glucose?
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Insulin
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What cells of the endocrine system release hormones into the bloodstream?
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Glandular cells
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH does what?
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controls the secretion of hormones to the adrenal cortex
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