A&p Digestive System Ch. 17 Pg.527-537

Front 1

digestive system

Back 1

organ that work together to ensure proper digestion & absorption of nutrients

Front 2

alimentary canal

Back 2

the digestive tract as a whole; also referred to as the gastroinstinal tract

Front 3

gastrointestinal tract
(GI) tract

Back 3

principle tubelike structure of the digestive system extending from mouth to anus

Front 4

digestion

Back 4

the breakdown of food materials either mechanically(that is, by chewing) or chemically (that is, by action of digestive enzymes)

Front 5

feces

Back 5

material discharged from the intestines

Front 6

absorption

Back 6

passage of a substance through a membrane, such as skin or mucosa, into the blood

Front 7

metabolism

Back 7

complex process by which food is used by a living organism

Front 8

oral cavity

Back 8

mouth

Front 9

palate

Back 9

the roof of the mouth; made up of the hard (anterior portion of the mouth) & soft(posterior portion of the mouth) palates

Front 10

uvula

Back 10

cone-shaped process hanging down from the soft palate that helps prevent food & liquid from entering the nasal cavities

Front 11

frenulum

Back 11

the thin membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Front 12

papillae

Back 12

small, nipple shaped elevations; taste buds are located on top of the papillaes

Front 13

incisors

Back 13

refers to the front teeth, which are adapted for cutting

Front 14

mastication

Back 14

chewing

Front 15

canine teeth

Back 15

the teeth with the longest crown & the longest root, which is located lateral to the second incisor; also called "cuspid"

Front 16

bicuspids

Back 16

tooth with a large flat surface & two or three grinding cusps; also called "premolars"

Front 17

tricuspids

Back 17

tooth with rather large flat surface with 2 or 3 grinding "cusps"; also called "molars"

Front 18

bolus

Back 18

a small round mass of masticated food to be swollowed

Front 19

crown

Back 19

topmost part of an organ or other structure; such as a tooth

Front 20

dentin

Back 20

chief bonelike dental tissue covered by enamel in crown & by cementum in neck and root areas of tooth

Front 21

cementum

Back 21

bone like dental tissue covering the neck & root areas of teeth

Front 22

periodontal membrane

Back 22

fibrous tissue that line each tooth socket & serves to attach the tooth to underlying bone

Front 23

leukoplakia

Back 23

white patches in the mouth, commonly seen in chronic cigerette smokers; may lead to mouth cancer

Front 24

snuff dipper's pouch

Back 24

precancerous leukoplakie( white patches) in fold between "cheek & gum" caused by use of smokeless tobacco

Front 25

caries

Back 25

decay of teeth or of bones

Front 26

cavity

Back 26

hollow place or space in a tooth

Front 27

gingivitis

Back 27

inflammation of the gum, often as a result of poor oral hygiene

Front 28

thrush

Back 28

candidiasis of mouth characterized by white, creamy patches of exudate on inflamed oral mucosa & tongue

Front 29

periodontitis

Back 29

inflammation of the periodontal membrane(periodontal ligament) that anchors teeth to the jaw bone; common cause of tooth loss among adults

Front 30

cleft lip

Back 30

congenital defect resulting in one or more clefts(abnormal fissure or opening) in the upper lip

Front 31

cleft palate

Back 31

congenital defect resulting in a fissure of the palatein the roof of the mouth

Front 32

malocclusion

Back 32

abnormal contact between the teeth of the upper & lower jaw

Front 33

parotid glands

Back 33

paired salivary glands that lie just below & in front of each ear at the angle of the jaw

Front 34

submandibular glands

Back 34

salivary glands that drain saliva into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum

Front 35

sublingual glands

Back 35

salivary glands that drain saliva into the floor of the mouth

Front 36

salivary amylase

Back 36

digestive enzyme found in the saliva that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates (begins conversion of starch to smaller carbohydrate molecules)

Front 37

pharynx

Back 37

organ of the digestive & respiratory system; commonly called the throat

Front 38

lumen

Back 38

the hollow spaces within a tube

Front 39

mucosa

Back 39

mucous membrane

Front 40

mucous membrane

Back 40

epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior & secrete a thick, slippery material called mucus

Front 41

submucosa

Back 41

connective tissue layer containing blood vessels & nerves in the wall of the digestive tract

Front 42

muscularis

Back 42

2 layers of muscle surrounding the digestive tract that produce wavelike, rhythmic contractions called "peristalsis", which move food material

Front 43

peristalsis

Back 43

wavelike, rhythmic contractions of the stomach & intestines that move food material along the digestive tract

Front 44

serosa

Back 44

outermost covering of the digestive tract; composed of the parietal pleura in the abdominal cavity

Front 45

mesentery

Back 45

a large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

Front 46

esophagus

Back 46

the muscular, mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach; also known as the "foodpipe"

Front 47

upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

Back 47

ring of muscular tissue (sphincter)located between laryngopharynx & proximal end of esophagus

Front 48

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Back 48

ring of muscular tissue (sphincter) located between terminal esophages & stomach

Front 49

heartburn

Back 49

esophageal pain caused by backflow of stomach acid into esophagus

Front 50

gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD)

Back 50

a set of symptoms resulting from a hiatal hernia that allows stomach (gastric) contents to flow back (reflux) into esophagus; symptoms include heartburn or chest pain & coughing or choking during or just after a meal

Front 51

hiatal hernia

Back 51

a bulging out (hernia) of the stomach through the opening(hiatus) of the diaphragm through which the esophagus normally passes; this condition may prevent the valve between the esophagus & stomach from closing, thus allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus

Front 52

stretta procedure

Back 52

procedure using an endoscope to deliver radiofrequency energy to burn, tighten,& reduce the size of the lumen of the lower esophageal sphincter in a person with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 53

bard endoscopic suturing system

Back 53

use of an endoscope to place sutures in the lower esophageal sphincter to narrow the lumen

Front 54

endoscope

Back 54

fiber-optic flexible or rigid tubular instrument for visualizing the interior of a hollow organ or part for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes that typically has one or more channels to enable passage of instruments

Front 55

fundoplication

Back 55

a surgical procedure in which the upper portion of the stomach is wrapped around the lower end of the esophagus & sutured in place as a treatment for reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

Front 56

barrett's esophagus

Back 56

precancerous condition of esophageal lining