A&p Definitions Ch 1

Front 1

ANATOMY

Back 1

the scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure.

Front 2

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

Back 2

study of the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood

Front 3

EMBRYOLOGY

Back 3

a subspeciality of developmental anatomy. Considers changes from conception to the end of the 8th week of development

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CYTOLOGY

Back 4

examines structural features of cells

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HISTOLOGY

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examines tissues, which are the cells and the materials surrounding them

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GROSS ANATOMY

Back 6

study of structures that can be xamined without the aid of a microscope, can be approached from either a systemic or a regional perspective

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SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

Back 7

the body is studied system by system

Front 8

REGIONAL ANATOMY

Back 8

the body is studied area by area, within each region, such as the head, abd, or arm, all systems are studied simultaneously

Front 9

SURFACE ANATOMY

Back 9

study of the external form of the body and its relation to deeper structures.

i.e. the sternum and parts of the ribs can be seen and felt, they are landmarks used to identify where organs are located

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ANATOMICAL IMAGING

Back 10

uses radiographs, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

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PHYSIOLOGY

Back 11

scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things

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PATHOLOGY

Back 12

medical science dealing with all aspects of dissease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and fuctional changes resulting from disease

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CHEMICAL LEVEL

Back 13

atoms combine to form molecules

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CELL LEVEL

Back 14

Molecules form organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondira, which make up cells

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TISSUE LEVEL

Back 15

similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

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ORGAN LEVEL

Back 16

different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder

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ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

Back 17

organs such as the urinary bladder and kidneys make up an organ system

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ORGANISM LEVEL

Back 18

organ systems make up an organism

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SONOGRAM

Back 19

image made from ultrasound

Front 20

DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY (DSA)

Back 20

one step beyong CT scans. 3D radiographic image of an organ such as brain, is made and stored in computer. uses radiographic dye

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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCANS

Back 21

low intensity x ray tube roated through a 360-degree arc around pt. computer constructs the image of a "slice" through the body at the point where the xray beam was focused and rotated.

Front 22

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Back 22

directs radio waves at a person lying inside a large electromagnetic field. changes the alignment of H+, realigns them in accordance with magnetic field

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POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHIC (PET)

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can ID metabolic states of various tissues. useful in analyzing the brain.

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METABOLISM

Back 24

is all of the chemical reactions taking place in an organism

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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Back 25

includes: skin & hair & sweat glands

fxn: protection, regulates temp, reduces water loss, produces vit D precursors,

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SKELTAL SYSTEM

Back 26

function is to rpovide protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and fat.

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Back 27

produces body movements, maintain posture, produce body heat

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Back 28

removes foregin substances from blood and lymph, combats disease, maintins tissue fluid balance, transports fats from digestive tract

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Back 29

exchanges oxygen and CO2 between blood and air and regulates blood pH

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimates waste

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NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 31

major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiologic processes, and intellectual functions

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones througout the body, plays a rol ein the immune response and the regulation of body temp.

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URINARY SYSTEM

Back 34

removes waste from blood, regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.

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MORPHOGENESIS

Back 35

change in the shape of tissues, organs, and entire organism

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REPRODUCTION

Back 36

formation of new cells or new oranisms

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SET POINT

Back 37

ideal normal value

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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

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maintains homeostasis. negative means that any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted.

i.e. maintaining normal BP is necessary for hoeostasis b/c pressure is required to move blood from heart through the tissues.

Front 39

RECEPTOR

Back 39

monitors the value of variable

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CONTROL CENTER

Back 40

receives information about the variable from the recepter, establishes set point, and controls the effector

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EFFECTOR

Back 41

produces responces that change the value of the variable

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POSITIVE FEEDBACK

Back 42

responses are not homeostatic and are rare in healthy individulals.

Positive implies that, when a deviation from a normal value occurs, the system's response is to make the deviation a cycle that leads away from homeostasis and, in osme cases, results in death.

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SUPINE

Back 43

lying face upward

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PRONE

Back 44

lying face downward