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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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China: 1937
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Japanese invasion of China that brought the Nationalist Party and Communist Party back together
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China: 1945
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End of World War II ends the short truce between Nationalist Party and Communist Party (Communists winning this time around)
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Mao Zedong
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Emerged as leader of the Communist Party in the mid-1930s
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China: 1927
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Nationalist Party and Chinese Communist Party break their alliance (many casualties; Nationalists flee to Taiwan)
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Chinese Communist Party
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1920s: unlikely contenders for power
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Chinese Nationalist Party
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1920s: most prominent political and military force in the country (supporters in urban areas)
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Confucianism
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Society in terms of harmonious hierarchical relationships; the basis of Chinese culture
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Russia: 1991
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Eventual collapse of the Soviet Union (three day coup; Gorbachev resigns to Boris Yeltsin)
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Glasnost
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"Openess" (one of Gorbachev's reforms)
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Reformer that ultimately caused the fall of the Soviet Union
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Joseph Stalin
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Took control in 1924, instituted a totalitarian regime (cost of war and terror was staggering)
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Vladimir Lenin
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The head of the Communist Party and the first leader of the Soviet Union
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Russia: February 1917
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Tsar Nicholas II abdicated
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Russia: October 1917
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Russian Communists (Bolsheviks) overthrew provisional government
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Devolution
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the delegation of authority (especially from a central to a regional government)
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Parts of the United Kingdom
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Britain, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
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The Beveridge Report
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Foundation for Keynesian welfare state in the UK
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UK: Government
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Unitary, Parliamentary, no written constitution
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Valdimir Putin
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President of Russia (centralizing the government once more; buyed independent media outlets, advocated campaigns againest oil companies, attacked oligarchs, and weakened governors)
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Perestroika
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"Privatization" (one of Gorbachev's reforms)
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Shock Therapy
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A radical market-orientated program carried out by Yeltsin (it failed miserably)
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Russia: Government
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Federal, Mixed, 1993 constitution
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State Duma
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Lower house of Russian Parliament (proportional representation)
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Federation Council
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Upper house of Russian Parilament (equal basis)
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Public Chamber
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Russian group created by Putin to deliberate on matters
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United Russia
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Pro-Putin Party
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Hundred Flowers Campaign
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Chinese campaign that encouraged citizens to openly express thier opinions of the communist regime
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Great Leap Forward
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Chinese campaign that promoted technological advancement and the need to abandon material rewards for moral reasons (a huge failure; loss of human life, etc.)
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Cultural Revolution
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Chinese campaign that promoted anti-Western rhetoric (youth mainly involved; many accused/imprisoned; state neared anarchy)
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Deng Xiaoping
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Came into power after Mao and "Gang of Four" (retreated from Cultural Revolution; allowed foreign investment/privitization)
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Guardianship
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Describes the relationship between the Communist Party and society in China
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Mass Line
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The way information was spread to Chinese citizens during the Cultural Revolution through the use of propaganda
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National People's Congress (NPC)
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China's Legislative Branch (too many members; a useless body)
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State Council
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China's Executive Branch
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"Rubberstamping"
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The act of allowing every piece of legislation through the government without question
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Central Committee
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Elected by National People's Congress in China
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Politburo
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Elected by the Central Committee in China (the top political elite; key decision-makers)
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One-Child Family Policy
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A once mandatory policy in China (caused gender instability)
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China: Government
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Unitary, Authoritarian, 1982 constitution
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Mexico: Government
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Federal, Presidential, 1917 constitution
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PRI
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A Mexican political party that held power for over 70 years (Left-Wing)
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PAN
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A Mexican political party that won the election of 2000 with Vicente Fox and the election of 2006 with Felipe Calderon (Right-Wing)
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PRD
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A Mexican political party that nearly won during the election of 2006 (Left-Wing)
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Haciendas
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Large Mexican Estates
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Camarillas
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A Mexican system of electing PRI officials
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Municipios
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State subdivisions in Mexico
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National Solidarity Program (PROSNAL)
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A Mexican program that shifted descision-making over public education and health care to the states
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Senate
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Upper house of Mexico's Legislature (equal basis)
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Chamber of Deputies
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Lower house of Mexico's Legislature (proportional representation)
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Mexico: 1910
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A civil conflict erupted (society was upset of Porifirio Diaz's rule)
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Emiliano Zapata: 1910
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A Mexican Leader who led a land reform movement of peasants
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Pancho Villa: 1910
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A Mexican Leader who led a labor reform movement
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Cardenas
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Mexican President that redistributed land, established the six-year term (sexeno) without the possibiliy of reelection, and created peasant and labor organizations
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Carlos Salinas
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Mexican president that opened the Mexican economy to foreign trade and privitization (a revolt in Chiapas occured shortly afterwards)
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Ejidos
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Land given to small farmers during Cardenas' presidency
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Maquiladoras
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Mexican multinational corporations
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
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An agreement that required lowering of trade barriers between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada
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China: 1949
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The People's Republic of China (PRC) is established
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Procedural/Iliberal Democracy
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A type of democracy that has free, fair, frequent elections, but doesn't have many other rights or liberties
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Substantive/Liberal Democracy
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A type of democracy that has free, fair, frequent elections, as well as civil rights/liberties and political rights
(freedom of expression; access to alternative information; associational autonomy; inclusive citizenship) |
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Transparency
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Openess, accountability, and honesty
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Legitimacy
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The citizens belief in the governments right to rule
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Iran: Government
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Unitary, Authoritarian, 1979 constitution
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Twelver Sh'ism
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A sect of of Shi'ite's that believe that the twelfth imam after Muhammad was the last of the imams and that he disappeared from view, but did not die
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Ulema
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Iranian religious leaders
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Reza Shah Pahlavi (Daddy Shah)
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Began a modernization program that ultimately lead to the Islamic Revolution of 1979
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Mohammad Mossadegh
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Nationalizes Iranian oil industry
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White Revolution
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A reform movement launched by (Baby Shah)
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Baby Shah)
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Furthered his fathers modernization campaign (allowed women to vote), he was ultimately driven into exile during the Islamic Revolution
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Ruhollah Khomeini
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The most charismatic leader EVER!!! Established velayat-e faqih or "rule by the jurisprudent" and became the first Supreme Leader of Iran.
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Velayat-e faquih
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Rule by the jurisprudent; only the most suited to rule are ulema who know divine law the best; established by Khomeini
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Iran-Iraq War
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After the Islamic Revolution, an eight year war with Iraq broke out that was costly to human life (enabled the revolutionary regime to consolidate power
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Rentier State
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States which derive all or a substantial portion of their national revenues from the rent of resources to external clients (Russia, Iran, Nigeria)
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Supreme Leader
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The highest authority figure in Iran (tailor-made for Khomeini)
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Assembly of Religious Experts
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Group of popularly elected ulema who choose the next Supreme Leader
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Ali Khamenei
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The second Supreme Leader of Iran
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Council of Guardians
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Group that examines legislature and vets candidates
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Expediency Council
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Group that resolves differences between the Majles and the Council of Guardians
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Majles
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Iran's unicameral Parliament
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Nigeria: Government
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Federal, Presidential, 1999 constitution
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Northern Nigeria
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Predominately Islamic (Hausa-Fulani)
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Eastern Nigeria
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Predominately Christian
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Kleptocracy
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A form of government corruption where the government exists to increase the personal wealth and political power of its officials at the expense of the population (Nigeria)
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Biafra - Nigerian Civil War 1967
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A political conflict caused by the attempted secession of the southeastern provinces of Nigeria; the conflict was the result of economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of Nigeria
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Ken Saro Wiwa
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Led a nonviolent campaign against environmental degradation of the land and waters of Ogoniland (his death provoked international outrage)
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Rent-Seeking
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Efforts of a political leader to extort the resources of the citizens
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Patron-client Networks
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Relationship between a higher-up individual (patron) and a subordinate individual (client); each benefits the other
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