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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Society
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A broad group that refers to a complex human organization. a collection of people bound by shared institutions , define how human relations should be conducted
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Ethnic identity
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specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others.
often based on customs generally assigned at birth not inherently political |
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National identity
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much more consistent across various cases
more political binds people through a common set of political aspirations develops from an ethnic identity basis for nationalism |
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citizenship
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ones relation to the state , a purely political identity
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patriotism
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pride in ones state
people seek to defend and promote their state |
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Nationstate
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a sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent
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ethnic conflict
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different groups struggling to acheive a certain goal at each others expense
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national conflict
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one or more groups develop clear aspirations for sovereignty causing problems with others as a result.
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political attitudes
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describe views regarding the necessery pace and scope of change between freedom and eaquality
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top down view
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conflict generated by elites , this could be stopped by controlling the political leaders responsible.
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Bottom down view
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conflict generated by long standing friction between groups . the use of outside force is effective and the conflict will burn its self out.
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radiclas
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believe in dramatic often revolutionary change to a political system. they believe the system must be scappped and cannot be repaired. they do not believe in slow evolutionary change.
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Liberals
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believe much can be changed for the better , favor evolutionary transformation , the system can be fixed
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conservatives
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question weather change is neccessary question or if change is good - could it lead to unforseen outcomes.
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reactionaries
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see the system as unnacceptable and want to restore it to what once existed.
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political ideologies
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sets of political values regarding the fundamental goals of politics
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liberalism
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high priority on individual economic and political freedom , politics should seek to create this for all people (freedom of speech , right of association , ) requires a state with low autonomy
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liberal democracy
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(considered conservative in the US because it represents the current US regime) a system of political social and economic liberies , supported by competition participation and contestation (voting)
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communism
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no personal freedom- believes that without this type of government a small group of people will eventually control . they think that a liberal democracy is only for the rich
*advocates that the state controls the people as to promote prosperity |
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social democracy
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also called socialism , private property and private ownership are allowed but there is an emphasis on economic equality to balance peoples needs.
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facism
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like communism , anti-liberal . believe that there are superior and inferior people , everyone submits to a collective will or seeks to dominate (liberals and communitst see potential in every person but do not agreee on the best means to reach it )
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anarchism
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rejects the idea of a state , sees a state as a threat to freedom , has never existed
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fundamentalists
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political views fused with the nature of human views like religion . seeks to make faith a guide for politics , some of these people though reject god and are never satisfied with life .
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theocracy
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a government with a combined religious and political leader
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culture
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comprises basic institutions that help define a society . social road made and guidelines for priorities .
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political culture
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basic norms for political activity in a society
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political economy
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how economy shifts the balance of freedom and equality
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markets
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the interactions between the factors of supply and demand, decrentralized and spontaneous
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property
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refers to ownership of goods and services
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public goods
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goods secured by the state , no one owns them (roads , schools) they generate collective equality and security
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social expenditure
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provided by the government , like healthcare
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central bank
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an institution that controls how much money is flowing through an economy (controlling interest rates)
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Inflation
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prices rise and money looses value
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hyperinflation
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more than 50% increase in prices in a month for 2 consecutive months.
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Regulations
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rules or oders that set the boundriees of a given procedure
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monopoly
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a single producer of a single source that can thus dominate the market and price
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CARTEL
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a group of producers that try to dominate the market together
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comparative advantage
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the ability to produce a good more efficiently than other countries
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political economic system
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this relationship in a country is made of up government and the market and their outcomes
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capitalism
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economic system based on private ownership and free markets
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laissez faire
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theory that an economy should be allowed to do as it wants
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social democracy
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loves equality , believes in private prop , open markets, but with lots of programs provided by the government
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neocorporatism
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a system of policy making , involving the state , labor and ,business
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mercantilism
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focuses on the needs of the state .
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neomercantilism
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focuses on the needs of the state with low taxes and high tariffs (today)
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parastatals
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part or full state ownership of an industry
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GDP
gross domestic product |
defined as the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country within 1 year , doesnt include how it is distributed
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GNP
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like gdp but includes income from abroad
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PPP
purchasing power parity |
estimates the buying power of income in each country buy comparing living costs.
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gini index
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formula that measures economic inequality in a society m perfectly eaqual is ZERO and freedom is 100
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HDI
human development index |
assesses health, education m wealth of population , the overall well being of the people and the outcome of the wealth.
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state
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the organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory
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sovereignty
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the ability to carry out actions or policies within a territory independent from external actors or internal rivals
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regime
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the fundamental rules and norms of politics where power should riside and how it should be used
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democratic regime
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emphasize a large role for public in politics + individual rights and liberties
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authoritarian regime
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limited role for the public in politics , power in the hands of those in power
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government
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the leadership or elite in charge of running the state , weakly institutionalized and limited by the current regime
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consensus
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belief that individuals bond together willingly (democracy)
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coercion
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security through domination , a ruler monopolizes power (authoritarian)
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legitimacy
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value of acceptance of a government by its people , it is recognized as right or proper.
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charismatic legitimacy
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gains support through the power and appeal of ideas , power with language, commonly dieas with the individual who posses it .often called TRADITIONAL LEGITIMACY
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Rational legal legitimacy
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based on a system of laws and procedures that are highly institutionalized, leaders are legit because of the rules they follow ,
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federalism
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signifigant powers like tax , law and security are devoted to regional bodies , helps local interest .
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unitary states
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political power at the national level , limited local authority - the states have more power.
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capacity
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the ability of the state to weild power in order to carry out basic tasks
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autonomy
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the ability of the state to wield power independently of its people (high autonomy follows public opinion)
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globalization
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the deepening of international connections
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soverignty
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the ability of states tto carry out actions or politics within a territory independently
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institutions
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organizations or activites that are self prepetuating and valued for their own sake.
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politics
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the sturggle in any group for power , that will grant the ability for one or more persons to make decisions on behlaf of the group
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comparative politics
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compares the political strugle across countries
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quantitative method
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statistical date
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qualitative method
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one cannot truly understand a country or region unless he or she experiences its history and culture
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statecraft
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how to govern
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modernization theory
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that eventually all countries will become capitalist democracies
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freedom
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the ability of an individual to act without fear or restriction by the state .
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equality
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refers to a shared material standard of individuals within a community .
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