Ap Cn #4

Front 1

201. The AV delay is the time lag between
a. when the SA reaches threshold and when it generates an action potential.
b. the activation of atrial and ventricular systole.
c. the atrial systole and ventricular diastole.
d. the atrial and ventricular relaxation.

Back 1

b

Front 2

202. The valve that separates the left atrium and the left ventricle is the
a. Tricuspid valve.
b. Aortic semilunar valve.
c. Bicuspid or mitral valve.
d. Pulmonary valve.

Back 2

c

Front 3

203. The depolarization of the atria is seen as the
a. Q wave.
b. P wave.
c. KT wave.
d. QRS wave.

Back 3

b

Front 4

204. An abnormal increase in the heart mass in response to overload is called
a. ventricular hypertrophy.
b. arrhythmia.
c.myocardial infarction.
d.isovolumetric extension.

Back 4

a

Front 5

205. The rate of the heart's beating
a. can be increased according to the Frank-starling law of the heart.
b. can be increased by epinephrine.
c. can be increased by activation of the vagus nerve.
d. will slow if it is deprived of its parasympathetic tone.

Back 5

b

Front 6

206. Changes in cardiac output during strenuous exercise mainly reflect
a. faster beating of the heart.
b. increases in venous return.
c. slower, more forceful beating of the heart.
d. inadequate oxygen in the lungs.

Back 6

b

Front 7

207. Cardiac reserve is
a. the fastest the heart can beat.
b. the filling time required to completely fill the ventricles.
c. the difference between the normal cardiac output and the maximum it can deliver.
d. the force of contraction that is not used even in the highest exercise demands.

Back 7

c

Front 8

208. Sympathetic input has what effects on the heart?
a. It increases heart rate, force of contraction, and the duration of ventricular systole.
b. It speeds the heart rate, makes it beat more forcefully, and shortens ventricular systole.
c. It just makes the heart beat faster.
d. It makes the heart beat with more strength.

Back 8

b

Front 9

209. Blood travels through which sequence of vessels?
a. The arteries, venules, capillaries, veins
b. Veins, arteries, capillaries, arterioles, venules
c. Arteries, capillary beds, arterioles, veins
d. Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Back 9

d

Front 10

210. A portal system
a. is a way to get to the liver without going through the circulatory system.
b. is a way to connect two organs with blood flow in series.
c. is an anastomosis from venules to venules.
d. is an example of blood sinuses that bathe the tissue in blood.

Back 10

b

Front 11

n/a

Back 11

d

Front 12

212. The blood vessels that are able to hold the largest volumes of blood are the
a. arteries.
b. arterioles.
c. venules.
d. veins.

Back 12

d

Front 13

213. The arteries
a. have the thickest wails of any of the vessels.
b. have walls that are thin and elastic.
c. have thin walls so that the gases can get across.
d. contain a large volume of blood under low pressure.

Back 13

a

Front 14

214. The skeletal muscle pump
a. is the additional contractile region in the arteries that serves the muscles.
b. is the circulatory loop between the arteries and veins in muscles.
c. is the relationship between the blood in the bones and the blood in the muscles that attach to them.
d. is the return of venous blood to the heart by the squeezing action of contracting muscles.

Back 14

d

Front 15

215. Distribution of blood flow between different vascular beds is
a. achieved by changes in arterial pressure.
b. adjusted by the resistance of capillaries.
c. determined by the diameter of arterioles.
d. determined by resistance of venules.

Back 15

c

Front 16

216. The term "vasa vasorum" refers to
a. one of the structures of the male internal reproductive gland and duct system.
b. a blood vessel that serves the wall of a large artery or vein.
c. the twelfth cranial nerve.
d. a connection between the pulmonary vein and aorta that closes at birth.

Back 16

b

Front 17

217. The carotid sinus is
a. where the receptors that activate the Frank-starling reflex are located.
b. innervated by the vagus nerve.
c. a prime site for baroreceptor detection of arterial pressure.
d. a site where venous pressure is monitored.

Back 17

c

Front 18

218. The blood-brain barrier
a. protects the brain from extremes in blood pressure.
b. makes entry of oxygen into the brain very difficult.
c. is a site where the capillaries restrict fluid transfer.
d. is a site where only an ultrafiltrate is allowed to cross.

Back 18

c

Front 19

219. Movement of fluid between the plasma in the capillaries and the interstitial fluid is
a. affected by hydrostatic pressure of the capillary blood.
b. prevented by the bulk flow in the capillaries.
c. opposed by fenestrations.
d. the osmotic movement of proteins out of the capillaries.

Back 19

a

Front 20

220. Edema is
a. a lymphoid organ that is associated with the gut.
b. a swelling due to accumulation of excessive interstitial fluid.
c. fainting due to inadequate oxygen supply to the brain.
d. a condition caused by contraction of lymph nodes.

Back 20

b

Front 21

221. Fluid moves out of the circulation and into the tissues
a. through the arterioles.
b. in the venules, due to the low pressure.
c. across the capillary wails.
d. only if a lymphatic vein is blocked.

Back 21

c

Front 22

222. Lymph
a. is returned to the circulation through lymphatic capillaries.
b. is just like blood in composition.
c. moves out of the capillaries due to the protein osmotic pressure.
d. is excessive interstitial fluid.

Back 22

d

Front 23

223. Lymphoid organs
a. include the spleen, where T lymphocytes are made.
b. include the parathyroid gland.
c. include the vermiform located in the inguinal and axillary regions.
d. includes the thymus, the source of the hormones thymosin and thymopoietin.

Back 23

d

Front 24

224. Histamine and kinins
a. are proteins that participate in the maintenance of osmotic pressure.
b. are hormones that are able to stimulate immunocompetence.
c. lead to clotting.
d. are mediators of inflammation.

Back 24

d

Front 25

225. Hyperemia is
a. painful sensations of phantom limbs,
b. development of stickiness by blood cells in clot formation.
c. an increase in blood flow.
d. frequent urination.

Back 25

c

Front 26

226. In inflammation,
a. neutrophils and monocytes exhibit a chemotactic response.
b. blood vessels constrict, squeezing out fluid.
c. damaged tissue is burned to purge the region of possible infection.
d. lymph nodes deliver quantities of lymph, causing swelling.

Back 26

a

Front 27

227. Interferers
a. are produced by transcription of viral DNA.
b. control the process of antibody production.
c. are produced by virally infected cells to protect uninfected cells.
d. stimulate phagocytosis.

Back 27

c

Front 28

228. Autoimmune diseases
a. result from production of too much interferon.
b. are those in which the body's immune system attacks "self".
c. are diseases that have been caught early in childhood.
d. are diseases against we have been immunized.

Back 28

b

Front 29

229. B lymphocytes
a. produce antibodies.
b. produce antigens.
c. produce a determinant.
d. exhibit agglutination.

Back 29

a

Front 30

230. The five families of immunoglobulins
a. are IgG, IgH, IgK, IgB, and IgA.
b. are found in the blood and no other places in the body.
c. are all free in the fluids of the body.
d. are IgG , IgE, IgM, and IgD.

Back 30

d

Front 31

231. Activation of complement
a. causes the B cell to produce antibodies.
b. can result in binding of toxins.
c. can cause cell lyses.
d. stimulates the formation of a clone.

Back 31

c

Front 32

232. In the primary immune response,
a. plasma cells and memory cells are produced.
b. the stem cell population generates a large number of clones.
c. passive immunization occurs.
d. complement activation leads to optimization.

Back 32

a

Front 33

233. In breast milk,
a. monoclonal antibodies are passed along to the baby.
b. passive immunity is provided in the form of IgA antibodies.
c. agglutinization results when the mother's antibodies encounter the baby's antibodies.
d. cytotoxins are delivered to stimulate the baby's immune system.

Back 33

b

Front 34

234. Cell-mediated immunity
a. is a nonspecific response to infection.
b. is mediated by T lymphocytes.
c. is an autoimmune disease.
d. leads to release of interferons.

Back 34

b

Front 35

235. What cell type is correctly described?
a. Helper T cells stimulate antibody production from appropriate clones of B cells.
b. Memory T cells cause delayed hypersensitivity.
c. Killer T cells limit the duration of the response and kill off unneeded T cells.
d. Amplifier T cells activate allergies.

Back 35

a

Front 36

236. The epiglottis
a. functions to prevent food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
b. is the part of the larynx that generates sound.
c. prevents reflux of food into the nasal cavity during swallowing.
d. causes turbulent flow of air entering the nasal cavity.

Back 36

a

Front 37

237. In the process of antigen presentation,
a. cytotoxic T cells release lymphotoxins.
b. monoclonal antibodies are released by the B cells.
c. microphones display novel antigens to T cells.
d. delayed hypersensitivity cells release substances that activate allergies.

Back 37

c

Front 38

238. The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by the
a. superior, medial, and inferior nasal concha.
b. Soft palate.
c. sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
d. maxillae.

Back 38

c

Front 39

239. The bronchioles are
a. the major branches of the trachea that enter each lung.
b. the smallest branches of the airway prior to alveoli.
c. the rings of cartilage that reinforce the trachea.
d. the part of the respiratory tree where most gas exchange takes place.

Back 39

b

Front 40

240. The force that balances the tendency of the lungs to collapse and the chest wall to spring out is
a. atmospheric pressure.
b. the tone of intercostal muscles.
c. alveolar pressure.
d. intrapleural pressure.

Back 40

d

Front 41

241. During inspiration,
a. intrapleural pressure rises above atmospheric pressure.
b. alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure.
c. alveolar pressure rises above atmospheric pressure.
d. alveolar pressure falls below intrapleural pressure

Back 41

b

Front 42

242. Pulmonary surfactant
a. increases the surface tension of fluid on the alveolar surfaces.
b. makes inflation of the alveoli easier.
c. is secreted by the airway mucosa.
d. begins to be secreted a few months after birth.

Back 42

b

Front 43

243. The vital capacity is
a. Defined as the sum of the residual volume and the functional residual capacity.
b. the largest amount of air that could be moved in one breath.
c. the maximum amount of air that can exist in the lungs at one time.
d. defined as the minute volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume.

Back 43

b

Front 44

244. The partial pressure of an individual gas in a gas mixture is determined by
a. the solubility coefficient of the gas.
b. the diffusion coefficient of the gas multiplied by the total pressure of the mixture.
c. the diffusion coefficient of the gas multiplied by the temperature.
d. the volume fraction of the gas in question multiplied by the total pressure of the mixture.

Back 44

d

Front 45

245. The most abundant gas in atmospheric air is
a. nitrogen.
b. oxygen.
c. water vapor.
d. carbon dioxide.

Back 45

a