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61 Cards in this Set

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The science that deals with the composition of matter
Chemistry
Anything that has weight & takes up space (gases, solid & liquids)
matter
a substance that cant be decomposed or changed into something else by ordinary physical means
elements
how many elements are there
92 naturally occurring & 20 man made
major element that makes up 65%
oxygen
basic or fundamental unit of an element
atom
smallest complete unit of which all matter is made
atoms
what is the core of an atom
nucleus
positive charged particles in the nucleus that hold electrons in place
protons
neutral or uncharged particles that are in the nucleus of the atom
neutrons
negative charged particles, very small have almost no weight they are in constant motion around the atom
electron
The number of _____ = the atomic number
protons
the _____ + _______ = the______ ________
protons + neutrons = atomic weight
The first orbital can hold____electrons
2
if the outer orbit has more than 4 electrons but less than 8 electrons the atom tends to; this makes it _______
negative
if an atom gains electrons & becomes negative it is considered an______
anion
it the outer orbit of the atom has fewer than 4 electrons it will tend to _____ electrons
lose
atoms that lose electrons & are positive are called
cations
_____are formed when two or more items unite together to form a chemical bond
molecules
molecules are formed when _____or______atoms
like or unlike
_____is a substance composed of two different elements in a fixed ratio
compounds
compounds are joined by a _______bond
chemical
what is the smallest sub unit of a compound
molecules
_______universal solvent
water
water provides a constant environment for cells & distributes_____&_____the body
heat, cools the body
2 or more compounds united is a _______
mixture
water loving
hydrophylic
water fearing
hydrophobic
mixture formed when one substance disolves into another
solution
the disolving substance in a mixture is
the solvent
a solution that water is the solvent
aqueous
this mixture must be shaken to combine its substances milk of magnesia is an example
suspension
in this mixture the molecules dont disolve but stay evenly suspended ex is blood plasma
colloid
an atom that has become electrically charged
ions
an ion that has a positive charge & loses electrons
cation
an ion that has a negative charge & gains electrons
anion
HCO3 is an anion with a - charge & is called ________
bicarbonate
HCO3(bicarbonate) is necessary for the regulation of _____&______of the tissues; helps with homeostasis
acidity & alkalinity
compounds that for ions whenever they are in a solution; electrically charged
electrolytes
what is the main intracellular electrolyte____
k+ (potassium)
What is the main extracellular electrolyte
Na (sodium)
in this bond electrons are shared
covalent
electrolytes that release or donate hydrogen (H+) ions in water
acids
electrolytes that can release ions which combine with hydroxide ions (OH)
base
Acid + Base =
Salt
on the pH scale 0-7 is
acid
on the pH scale 7 is
neutral
on the pH scale 7-14 is
base or alkaline
substances that resist a pH charge
buffers
the pH of urine is____
4.6-8 averages 6.0
pH of stomach secretions
1.5 acid
an atom that has the same # of protons as other atoms of the element but a different # of neutrons in its nucleus
isotopes
some isotopes are stable some are not the unstable ones are called
radioactive rays
this compound characterize living things & contain carbon
organic compound
what is the basic unit of carbohydrates (CHO)
monosaccharides
All organic compounds have C, H,O but only ______has nitrogen
proteins
basic building blocks of fats
lipids
basic building blocks of protein
amino acid
proteins that speed up the rate of reaction called a catalyst is an______
enzyme
enzymes are neccessary for _____
metabolism
is the storage form of sugar
glucogen