Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The science that deals with the composition of matter
|
Chemistry
|
|
Anything that has weight & takes up space (gases, solid & liquids)
|
matter
|
|
a substance that cant be decomposed or changed into something else by ordinary physical means
|
elements
|
|
how many elements are there
|
92 naturally occurring & 20 man made
|
|
major element that makes up 65%
|
oxygen
|
|
basic or fundamental unit of an element
|
atom
|
|
smallest complete unit of which all matter is made
|
atoms
|
|
what is the core of an atom
|
nucleus
|
|
positive charged particles in the nucleus that hold electrons in place
|
protons
|
|
neutral or uncharged particles that are in the nucleus of the atom
|
neutrons
|
|
negative charged particles, very small have almost no weight they are in constant motion around the atom
|
electron
|
|
The number of _____ = the atomic number
|
protons
|
|
the _____ + _______ = the______ ________
|
protons + neutrons = atomic weight
|
|
The first orbital can hold____electrons
|
2
|
|
if the outer orbit has more than 4 electrons but less than 8 electrons the atom tends to; this makes it _______
|
negative
|
|
if an atom gains electrons & becomes negative it is considered an______
|
anion
|
|
it the outer orbit of the atom has fewer than 4 electrons it will tend to _____ electrons
|
lose
|
|
atoms that lose electrons & are positive are called
|
cations
|
|
_____are formed when two or more items unite together to form a chemical bond
|
molecules
|
|
molecules are formed when _____or______atoms
|
like or unlike
|
|
_____is a substance composed of two different elements in a fixed ratio
|
compounds
|
|
compounds are joined by a _______bond
|
chemical
|
|
what is the smallest sub unit of a compound
|
molecules
|
|
_______universal solvent
|
water
|
|
water provides a constant environment for cells & distributes_____&_____the body
|
heat, cools the body
|
|
2 or more compounds united is a _______
|
mixture
|
|
water loving
|
hydrophylic
|
|
water fearing
|
hydrophobic
|
|
mixture formed when one substance disolves into another
|
solution
|
|
the disolving substance in a mixture is
|
the solvent
|
|
a solution that water is the solvent
|
aqueous
|
|
this mixture must be shaken to combine its substances milk of magnesia is an example
|
suspension
|
|
in this mixture the molecules dont disolve but stay evenly suspended ex is blood plasma
|
colloid
|
|
an atom that has become electrically charged
|
ions
|
|
an ion that has a positive charge & loses electrons
|
cation
|
|
an ion that has a negative charge & gains electrons
|
anion
|
|
HCO3 is an anion with a - charge & is called ________
|
bicarbonate
|
|
HCO3(bicarbonate) is necessary for the regulation of _____&______of the tissues; helps with homeostasis
|
acidity & alkalinity
|
|
compounds that for ions whenever they are in a solution; electrically charged
|
electrolytes
|
|
what is the main intracellular electrolyte____
|
k+ (potassium)
|
|
What is the main extracellular electrolyte
|
Na (sodium)
|
|
in this bond electrons are shared
|
covalent
|
|
electrolytes that release or donate hydrogen (H+) ions in water
|
acids
|
|
electrolytes that can release ions which combine with hydroxide ions (OH)
|
base
|
|
Acid + Base =
|
Salt
|
|
on the pH scale 0-7 is
|
acid
|
|
on the pH scale 7 is
|
neutral
|
|
on the pH scale 7-14 is
|
base or alkaline
|
|
substances that resist a pH charge
|
buffers
|
|
the pH of urine is____
|
4.6-8 averages 6.0
|
|
pH of stomach secretions
|
1.5 acid
|
|
an atom that has the same # of protons as other atoms of the element but a different # of neutrons in its nucleus
|
isotopes
|
|
some isotopes are stable some are not the unstable ones are called
|
radioactive rays
|
|
this compound characterize living things & contain carbon
|
organic compound
|
|
what is the basic unit of carbohydrates (CHO)
|
monosaccharides
|
|
All organic compounds have C, H,O but only ______has nitrogen
|
proteins
|
|
basic building blocks of fats
|
lipids
|
|
basic building blocks of protein
|
amino acid
|
|
proteins that speed up the rate of reaction called a catalyst is an______
|
enzyme
|
|
enzymes are neccessary for _____
|
metabolism
|
|
is the storage form of sugar
|
glucogen
|