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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy
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ability to do work or transfer heat
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force
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any type of push/pull placed on an object
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work
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energy used to make an object move against a force; = force x distance
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heat
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energy transferred from hotter object to colder one
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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Ek
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= 1/2 mv2
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thermal energy
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from kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
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potential energy
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energy based on relative position
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Ep
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= mhg where g = 9.8 m/s2 (gravitational constant)
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chemical energy
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from potential energy in bonds
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electrostatic energy
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- interactions w/ charged particles; form of potential energy
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Eel
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= (kQ1Q2) / d); positive when 2 charges repel each other negative when attracting each other
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joule
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SI unit for energy
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calorie
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amount of energy required to raise temperature of 1g of water by 1°; 1 calorie = 4.184 joules
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1 Cal
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1 nutritional calorie = 1000 calories = 1 kcal
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internal energy
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sum of all kinetic/potential energy in a system
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1st law of thermodynamics
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energy is conserved; moves between system/surroundings; numerical value of E can't be found; only change in E (DE)
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DE
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Efinal - Einitial; negative when energy lost (exothermic); positive when energy gained (endothermic); = q + w
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q positive
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when heat moves from surroundings into system
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q negative
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when heart moves from system into surroundings
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w positive
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surroundings work on system
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w negative
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when system works on surroundings
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system
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area isolated for study
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surroundings
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everything other than the system in question
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closed system
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can exchange energy but not matter w/ surroundings
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state function
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property of system determined by its condition/state; doesn't depend on how a change is carried out; e.g. E and DE; not examples of state function - work & heat
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