A&p Chemistry

Front 1

Ionic bonds

Back 1

Formed because of electron transfers between atoms

Front 2

Covalent Bond

Back 2

Atoms that share electrons

Front 3

Ionic Compounds

Back 3

Ions Held Together by Electron Transfer

Front 4

Polar

Back 4

Unequally shared electrons

Front 5

Nonpolar

Back 5

Equally shared electrons

Front 6

Hydrogen Bond

Back 6

The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule

Front 7

Molecule

Back 7

Same atom type bonded

Front 8

Chemical Reactions

Back 8

showing reactants and products; some reversible

Front 9

Molecular Formula

Back 9

Number/Type atoms in a molecule

Front 10

Synthesis

Back 10

A + B = AB

Front 11

Unstable Isotopes

Back 11

Radioactive because they emit energetic particles

Front 12

Atomic fragments/energy given off by unstable isotopes

Back 12

Radiation

Front 13

Three forms of radiation

Back 13

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Front 14

Hydrogen Bond is weakest

Back 14

H is slightly +, N or O slightly -

Front 15

Different atom types combined

Back 15

compound

Front 16

Structural formula

Back 16

stick model

Front 17

decomposition

Back 17

AB = A+B

Front 18

Exchange

Back 18

AB+C=AC+B

Front 19

Reversible reaction

Back 19

A+B ↔ AB

Front 20

atoms or molecules that can change rate of reaction

Back 20

catalyst

Front 21

substances that release ions in water (inorganic)

Back 21

electrolytes

Front 22

releases hydrogen ions in water

Back 22

acids (hydronium ions)

Front 23

releases ions that bond with hydrogen ions

Back 23

bases (hydroxide ions)

Front 24

neutral Ph

Back 24

7.0; equal numbers of hydronium and hydroxide ions

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ph

Back 25

measure of the H+ in a solution

Front 26

More hydronium ions than hydroxide ions

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acidic; Ph less than 7.0

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Fewer hydronium ions than hydroxide ions

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basic; ph greater than 7.0

Front 28

Buffers

Back 28

Chemicals that resist Ph change

Front 29

Organic Substances

Back 29

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Front 30

Inorganic substances

Back 30

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salts

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Monosaccharide examples

Back 31

glucose, fructose, galactose

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Disaccharide examples

Back 32

sucrose, lactose

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Polysaccharide examples

Back 33

starch in plants; glycogen in animals

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Two sugar molecules joined together

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Disaccharide

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Monosaccharide

Back 35

One sugar molecule

Front 36

Steroids

Back 36

carbon skeleton with four rings joined together

Front 37

Steroid types

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cholesterol, vitamins, hormones

Front 38

protein building blocks made up of amino, carboxyl, and R groups

Back 38

amino acids

Front 39

basic building blocks of nucleic acids

Back 39

nucleotides

Front 40

One nucleotide =

Back 40

5 carbon sugar + phosphate group + nitrogenous base =

Front 41

RNA

Back 41

protein synthesis

Front 42

DNA

Back 42

regulates cell activities including protein synthesis

Front 43

Shape determines function

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Conformations are determined by H/covalent bonding

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primary structure

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chain

Front 45

secondary structure

Back 45

coil

Front 46

tertiary structure

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3d

Front 47

quaternary structure

Back 47

2+ chains connected

Front 48

Polysaccharide

Back 48

3+ molecules joined together

Front 49

Saturated

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Fatty acid chains only single bonds

Front 50

Unsaturated

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Fatty acid chains contain one or more double bonds

Front 51

Triglycerides (fats and oils)

Back 51

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

Front 52

salts

Back 52

composed of opposites charged ions (acids and bases)