A&p Chapters 1 & 3

Front 1

Sagittal Plane

Back 1

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts exactly in the midline (medial plane)

Front 2

Frontal Plane

Back 2

Lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior and is also called the coronal plane

Front 3

Transverse or horizontal plane

Back 3

Runs horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Front 4

Oblique Planes

Back 4

Sections are cut diagonally between horizontal and vertical planes. They are often confusing and rarely used.

Front 5

Anatomy

Back 5

The study of structure- Subdivisions are

-gross or macroscopic (eg regional systematic or surface anatomy)

-Microscopic (eg cytology and histology)

-developmental (eg embryology)

Front 6

To Study Anatomy

Back 6

Mastery of Anatomical Language

Observation (seeing)

Manipulation (changing)

Palpation (touching)

Auscultation (hearing)

Front 7

Physiology

Back 7

Study of function of the body

Subdivisions

- based on organ systems (eg renal or cardiovascular)

-often focuses on cellular and molecular level

-body's ability to depend on chemical reactions in individual cells

Front 8

To Study Physiology

Back 8

Ability to focus at many levels (from systematic to cellular and molecular)

Basic chemical properties

Front 9

Anatomy and Physiology are inseparable

Back 9

Function always reflects struggle

What a structure can do depends on its specific form

Front 10

Superior (Cranial)

Back 10

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body

Hint 10

The head is superior to the abdomen

Front 11

Inferior (caudal)

Back 11

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Hint 11

The naval is inferior to the chin

Front 12

Ventral (anterior)

Back 12

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Hint 12

The breast bone is anterior to the spine

Front 13

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 13

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Hint 13

The heart is posterior to the breast bone

Front 14

Medial

Back 14

Toward or at the middle of the body on the inner side.

Hint 14

The heart is medial to the arm

Front 15

Lateral

Back 15

Away from the middle of the body, on the outer side.

Hint 15

The arms are lateral to the chest

Front 16

Intermediate

Back 16

Between a more medial and more lateral structure.

Hint 16

The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

Front 17

Proximal

Back 17

Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Hint 17

The elbow is proximal to the wrist

Front 18

Distal

Back 18

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

Hint 18

The knee is distal to the thigh

Front 19

Superficial (external)

Back 19

Toward or at the body surface.

Hint 19

The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

Front 20

Deep (internal)

Back 20

Away from the body surface, more internal.

Hint 20

The Lungs are deep to the skin

Front 21

Visceral and Parietal Membranes

Back 21

-The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin double layered membrane, serosa or serous membrane.

-The part of the membrane lining the cavity walls is called a parietal. It folds in on itself to form the visceral serosa covering the organs in the cavity.

-The parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavities and folds back as the visceral pericardium which covers the heart.

-Parietal pluera lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the visceral pluera covers the lungs

-Parietal peritoneum lines the walls of the abdomenopelvic cavity while the visceral peritoneum covers the most of the organs within the cavity.

Front 22

Cranial cavity

Back 22

Cavity that houses the brain

Front 23

Vertebral cabity

Back 23

The cavity that houses the spinal cord

Front 24

Thoracic cavity

Back 24

Superior mediastinum pleural cavity and pericardial cavity within the mediastinum, cavity that houses the heart and lungs

Front 25

Abdominal cavity

Back 25

Cavity that houses the digestive viscera, abdomen

Hint 25

Epi - upon, above Gastric - belly

Front 26

Pelvic cavity

Back 26

Cavity that houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Hint 26

Hypo- below

Front 27

Abdominal quadrants

Back 27

Right upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant

Front 28

Umbilical region

Back 28

One of the 9 abdominal regions. The center most region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (naval). Small intestine and transverse colon of the large intestine

Front 29

Epigastric region

Back 29

One of the 9 abdominal regions. Located superior to the umbilical region. Stomach.

Front 30

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Back 30

Located inferior to the umbilical region. Urinary bladder.

Front 31

Right and left iliac region

Back 31

Lateral to the hypogastric region. Right- cecum, appendix Left- initial part of the sigmoid colon

Front 32

Right and left lumbar regions

Back 32

Lateral to the umbilical region. Right - ascending colon of the large intestine Left - descending colon of the large intestine

Front 33

Right and Left hypochondriac regions

Back 33

Lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs. Right - liver and gallbladder Left - spleen

Front 34

Integumentary System

Back 34

Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat oil glands (hair, nails, and skin)

Front 35

Skeletal system

Back 35

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals. Bones and joints.

Hint 35