Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define the structure and function of lipids
|
Contain carbon, hydrogen & 02, hydrophobic
include: fatty acids, triglycerides (fats,oils) |
|
|
List the major carbohydrate groups
|
Monosaccharides-simple sugars
Disaccharides- formed by dehydration synthesis, 2 mono's Polysaccharides-10-100's of monosacc. joined by dehyd synth (glycogen) |
|
|
Define the tertiary structure of a protein
|
Refers to the 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain.
|
|
|
Define synthesis reaction
|
Combination of reactants to produce larger molecules, anabolic(bring together)
Endergonic-absorbs more energy then they release |
|
|
Define the basic structure of a compound
|
A substance that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements *H2O
|
|
|
What is an electrolyte
|
An ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in a solution
|
|
|
Define amino acids and the types of bonds they have
|
They are monomers of proteins
peptide bond-covalent bond joining each pair of acids 2-dipeptide 3-tripeptide more-polypeptide |
|
|
What is DNA
|
deoxyribonucleic acid
forms the inherited genetic material inside each cells, each genes is a segment of DNA inside a molecule |
|
|
What are the principal chemical elements in the body?
|
Oxygen (o), carbon (c) hydrogen (H) nitrogen (n) calcium (Ca) phosphorus (P) potassium (K) sulfur (S) sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) magnesium (Mg) iron (Fe) trace elements
|
|
|
What is a base
|
A substance that removes hydrogen from a solution
|
|
|
Define lipoprotein
|
Lipid molecules that have joined with hydrophilic protein molecules to become more soluble in blood plasma
|
|
|
Define steroids
|
Have 4 rings of carbon atoms
4 types: cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D adrenocortical hormones, sex hormones |
|
|
How is a covalent bond formed?
|
When 2 or more atoms share valence elcetrons
|
|
|
List the properties of inorganic acids
|
A substance that dissociates in water into 1 or more hydrogen ions and i or more anions
|
|
|
Describe the characteristics and functions of enzymes
|
Catalyst protein molecules
consists of the apoenzyme & cofactor binds only to 1 specific substrate very efficient, reactions quicker with them subject to cellular controls |
|
|
What is RNA
|
Nuclei acid
Relays instructions from the genes to guide each cells synthesis of proteins from amino acids |
|
|
Define nitrogenous base
|
Found in DNA
2 types: purines (adenine & guanine) pyrimidines (thymine & cytosine |
|
|
What is a cation
|
+charged ion
|
|
|
How is a hydrogen bond formed?
|
When a hydrogen atom with a partial +charge attracts the partial -charge of electronegative atoms
|
|
|
What is the function of fatty acids
|
Synthesize triglyceride & phospholipids or catabolize to generate ATP
|
|
|
What are leukotrienes & prostaglandins
|
2 subclasses of ecoisanoids.
prostaglandins:modify responses to hormones leukotrienes: participate in allergic & inflammatory response |
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
Decomposition reaction that breaks down large nutrient molecules into smaller ones by adding water molecules
|
|
|
Properties of water
|
Medium for most chemical reactions in the body
can absorb & release large amounts of heat major component in lubricants hydrolysis dehydration synthesis |
|
|
Define water as a solvent
|
Hydrophilic:solutes that are charged with polar covalent bonds, dissolve easily in water ex)sugar
Hydrophobic: molecules that contain mainly non polar covalent bonds, no very water soluble ex)animal fats |
|
|
Define the quaternary structure of a protein
|
Arrangement of the individual polypeptide chains relative to one another
|
|
|
Denaturation
|
When a protein encounters an altered environment & unravels, loses it normal shape. No longer functions
|
|
|
pH
|
Function of the concentration of hydrogen ions more=acidic, less =basic, 7 is the middle
|
|
|
What is an anion
|
-charged ion
|
|
|
What is a triglyceride
|
Most plentiful lipid in the body
most highly concentrated from of chemical energy |
