A&p Chapter 9

Front 1

Structural classification subcategories joints include?

Back 1

Fibrous joints, Cartilaginous joints, and Synovial joints

Front 2

Functional classification subcategories of joints include?

Back 2

Synarthrosis (an immovable joint)
Amphiarthrosis (a slightly movable joint)
Diarthrosis (a freely movable joint)

Front 3

What joints lack cartilage and a synovial cavity.
The bones are held closely together by dense irregular connective tissue?

Back 3

Fibrous joints

Front 4

Suture joints in the skull
and the teeth joints are what kind of joints?

Back 4

Fibrous joints

Front 5

What joints consist of a bar of cartilage between two bones.
They lack a synovial cavity and provide little or no movement?

Back 5

Cartilaginous joints

Front 6

Pubic symphysis and the intervertebral disks of the spine
are examples of what kind of joint?

Back 6

Cartilaginous joints

Front 7

What joints are more complex than the other two: Ligaments hold bones together to form a synovial cavity and a freely moveable joint.

Back 7

Synovial joints

Front 8

The two layered capsule
that encloses the synovial cavity consits of?

Back 8

An outer fibrous capsule
An inner synovial membrane

Front 9

The synovial membrane secretes ____ ____ which functions to reduce friction by lubricating the joint and absorbing shocks. It also supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage, while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

Back 9

synovial fluid

Front 10

What are immoveable joints, like the fibrous joints of the skull?

Back 10

Synarthroses

Front 11

What are slightly movable joints like the cartilaginous pubic symphysis?

Back 11

Amphiarthroses

Front 12

What are freely moveable joints like the big “ball and socket” synovial joints of the shoulder and hip.

Back 12

Diarthroses

Front 13

What are bands of dense regular C.T. (like tendons) that join one bone to another bone.

Back 13

Ligaments

Front 14

What (and tendon sheaths)
are fluid-filled structures
strategically placed to
minimize friction in some joints?

Back 14

Bursae

Front 15

The three types of Fibrous joints are?

Back 15

Suture, syndesmosis, and interosseous membrane.

Front 16

A ____ is a fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Back 16

Suture

Front 17

A ____ is a fibrous joint in which there is greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular tissue than in a suture?

Back 17

Syndesmosis

Front 18

What is a fibrous joint which is a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that binds the neighboring long bones and permits slight movement?

Back 18

Interosseous Membrane

Front 19

The two types of Cartilaginous joints are?

Back 19

Synchondrosis, and Symphyses

Front 20

What is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartlidge?

Back 20

Synchondrosis

Front 21

What is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage?

Back 21

Symphyses

Front 22

There are 6 types of synovial joints based on the shapes of the articulating bone surfaces. Name the types.

Back 22

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Ball-and-Socket joints.

Front 23

In a ____ joint, the articulating surface is flat or slightly curved, permitting back and forth and side-to-side
movements.

Back 23

planar

Front 24

In a ____ joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, producing an opening and closing action like a hinge.

Back 24

hinge

Front 25

In a ____ joint, the rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring structure formed by another bone and a ligament (allowing
rotation around its longitudinal axis).

Back 25

pivot

Front 26

In a ____ joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped. This is really a modified condyloid joint, but the range of motion is expanded to include
movement around all 3 axes.

Back 26

saddle

Front 27

In a ___ __ ___ joint, the ball surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone. These joints allows the most movement of any joint.

Back 27

ball-and-socket

Front 28

What refers to the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which the bones of a joint can be moved?

Back 28

Range of motion (ROM)

Front 29

List the six factors that affect joint contact and range of motion.

Back 29

Structure or shape of the articulating bones, Strength and tension of the muscles, Arrabgement and tension of the muscles, Contact of soft parts, Hormones, and disuse.

Front 30

How do Hormones effect ROM?

Back 30

Relaxin increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and loosens the ligaments between the sacrum and hip bone toward the end of pregnancy.

Front 31

How do Structure or shape of the articulating bones effect ROM?

Back 31

The shape of the articulating bones determines how closely they fit together.

Front 32

How do strength and tension of the muscles effect ROM?

Back 32

The strength and tension of the muscles and joint ligaments varies to restrict or permit certain positions.

Front 33

How does Disuse effect ROM?

Back 33

Movement may be restricted if a joint has not been used for an extended period.

Front 34

Joint movements are grouped into four main categories. List the four categories.

Back 34

Gliding, Angular movements, Rotation, and Special movements.

Front 35

Relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Back 35

Gliding

Front 36

There is an increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones. What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Back 36

Angular movements

Front 37

A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.
What Synonial Joint Movement is this?

Back 37

Rotation

Front 38

What type of movement includes elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and opposition?

Back 38

Special Movements