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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gene?
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a segment of DNA with blueprint for one polypeptide
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Three genes are a ___.
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codon
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What is a codon?
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a special code for an amino acid
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What is the function on mRNA?
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carry instructions for building a polypeptide from a gene in the DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)?
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helps traslate message from mRNA
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What is RNA polymerase?
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enzyme that oversees synthesis of mRNA
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What actions do the RNA polymerase do?
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1. unwind DNA template
2. Adds complementary RNA nucleotides on DNA template and joins them together 3. stops wen it reaches termination signal 4. mRNA pulls off the DNA template, is further processed by enzymes and enters cytosol |
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What is a codon?
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complementary three-base sequence on mRNA
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What does signal recognition particles do?
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direct mRNA to rough ER
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What is the role of antisesnse RNA?
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prevents protein coding RNA from being translated
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What is the role of micro RNA?
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interfer with mRNAs made by certain exons
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What is the role of riboswitches?
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folded RNAs that act as switches regulating protein synthesis in response to enviornmental conditions
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What occurs druing portien degradation?
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nonfuctional organelle proteins are degraded by lysosomes
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What happens to damaged ubiquitin tags or unneeded soluble proteins in cytosol?
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they are digested by enzymes of proteasomes
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Extracellular Materials include:`
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body fluids, cellular secretion, and exracellular matrix
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What are some body fluids?
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plasma, intersititial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid
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What are some cellular secretions?
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intestinal and gastric fluids, saliva, mucus, and serous fluids
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All cells in the body contain the same ____ but are ___ ___.
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DNA, not identical
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What is the development of specific and distinctive features in the cell called?
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cell differentiation
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How are excess, injured, or aged cells rid from the body?
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by cell death (apoptosis) followed by phagocytosis (cell drinking)
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What is the wear and tear theory of cell aging?
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that little chemical insults and free radicals have cumulative effects
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What does the immune system disorder theory state?
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autoimmune responses and progressive weakening of the immune response cause cell aging
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What does the genetic theory of cell aging state?
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Cessation of mitosis and cell aging are programmed into genes. telmoeres may determine the number of times a cell can divide.
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What are telomeres?
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strings of nucleotides on the ends of chromosomes
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