A&p Chapter 3 Part 1

Front 1

Cell - definition

Back 1

structural and functional unit of life

Front 2

Human cells have 3 basic parts:

Back 2

– Plasma membrane

–Cytoplasm

– Nucleus

Front 3

Plasma membrane structure and function

Back 3

—flexible outer boundary, encloses cell contents

Front 4

–Cytoplasm structure and function

Back 4

—intracellular fluid containing organelles

Front 5

fluid mosaic

Back 5

Lipid bilayer and proteins in constantly

changing

Front 6

(ICF)

Back 6

intracellular fluid - fluid found within cell

Front 7

(ECF)

Back 7

extracellular fluid -fluid found outside cell

Front 8

(IF)

Back 8

Interstitial fluid = ECF that

surrounds cells

Front 9

phospholipids heads and tail properties

____% of lipid bilayer

Back 9

75% phospholipids (lipid bilayer)

– Phosphate heads: polar and hydrophilic

– Fatty acid tails: nonpolar and hydrophobic

Front 10

glycolipids

____% of plasma membrane

-structure

Back 10

5% glycolipids

• – Lipids with polar sugar groups on outer

membrane surface

Front 11

____% cholesterol

- function

Back 11

20% cholesterol

– Increases membrane stability & fluidity

Front 12

Membrane Proteins properties and basic function and mass

Back 12

• Allow communication with environment

• ½ plasma membrane by mass

• Most specialized membrane functions

• Some float freely

• Some tethered to intracellular structures

Front 13

Two types of membrane proteins

Back 13

– Integral proteins

- peripheral proteins

Front 14

Integral proteins properties

Back 14

-inserted into lipid bilayer and *usually* protrude on both sides (though some may protrude only on one side)

- have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that allow them to exist amongst phosphate heads and lipid tails

Front 15

peripheral proteins

Back 15

-not embedded into lipid bilayer

-attach loosely to integral proteins

-support membrane on cytoplasmic side

Front 16

2 types of peripheral proteins

Back 16

intracellular - found inside cell

extracellular - found outside cell

Front 17

integral protein function

Back 17

- transport proteins

- enzymes or

- receptors

Front 18

function of peripheral proteins

Back 18

- enzymes

- motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction;

- cell-to-cell connections

Front 19

Six Functions of Membrane Proteins

Back 19

1. Transport

2. Receptors for signal transduction

3. Attachment to cytoskeleton and

extracellular matrix

4. Enzymatic activity

5. Intercellular joining

6. Cell-cell recognition

Front 20

The component of the cell membrane

primarily responsible for its functionality is

the ____________.

Back 20

protein

Front 21

The Glycocalyx

Back 21

• "Sugar covering" at cell surface

– Lipids and proteins with attached

carbohydrates (sugar groups)

• Every cell type has different pattern of

sugars

Front 22

The Glycocalyx functions

Back 22

Specific biological markers for cell to cell

recognition

– Allows immune system to recognize "self" and

"non self"

– Cancerous cells change it continuously to

avoid detection by immune system

Front 23

Three ways cells are bound:

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• Tight junctions

• Desmosomes

• Gap junctions

Front 24

Tight Junctions

Back 24

"virtually impenetrable"

• Adjacent integral proteins fuse 􀃆 form

impermeable junction encircling cell

–Prevent fluids and most molecules from

moving between cells

Front 25

Desmosomes

Back 25

• "Rivets" or "spot-welds" that anchor cells

together at plaques (thickenings on plasma membrane)

-like rubber band or velcro

Front 26

Desmosomes functions

Back 26

– Protects against mechanical stress i.e.,

pulling forces

– Reduces possibility of tearing

Front 27

Gap Junctions

Back 27

• Transmembrane proteins form pores

(connexons) that allow small molecules to

pass from cell to cell

Front 28

Gap Junctions functions

Back 28

–For spread of ions, simple sugars, and

other small molecules between cardiac

or smooth muscle cells

–Communication junctions for electrically

excitable tissues

- synchronize

Front 29

selectively permeable plasma membrane

Back 29

– Some molecules pass through easily; some

do not

Front 30

Ribosomes

Back 30

-composed of RNA and protein

- Site of protein synthesis

(little red dots)

Front 31

ER

Back 31

Endoplasmic Recticulum

-found throughout cytoplasm

Front 32

Rough ER

Back 32

- studded with ribosomes (hence the name rough)

- storage and transport of proteins

(swervy)

Front 33

Smooth ER

Back 33

- steroid and lipid synthesis site

(swervy and sugar castle looking)

Front 34

Golgi apparatus

Back 34

packaging proteins for export

packaging lysomol enzymes

(curvy and bulbous)

Front 35

Lysosomes

Back 35

- digest worn out organelles

-capacity for total cell destruction

(bouncy balls found closer to center)

Front 36

Peroxisomes

Back 36

- detox alcohol

(bouncy balls found further from center)

Front 37

Mitochondria

Back 37

- oxidize food to produce ATP

- 'powerhouse' of cell

(more like power plant)

(hot dog looking)

Front 38

centrioles

Back 38

-help with cell division

- form mitotic spindle

-form bases of flagella and cilia

(pasta looking)

Front 39

3 components of cytoskeleton

Back 39

-microfilament

-intermediate filament

-microtubules

Front 40

function and composition of microfilament

Back 40

-composed mainly of actin, a contractile protein

-important in cell mobility

Front 41

composition and function of intermediate filament

Back 41

-composed of various proteins

- resist mechanical forces

Front 42

function of microtubules

Back 42

- form internal structure of centrioles

- help determine cell shape