A&p Chapter 3

Front 1

What is the basic unit of all living things?

Back 1

A cell

Front 2

What cells are simple cells that are Pro (“before”) karyon (“nucleus”) – they have no nucleus?

Back 2

Prokaryotic

Front 3

What cells are complex cells with a nucleus and subcellular structures (organelles)?

Back 3

Eukaryotic

Front 4

What are the thinnest elements of the cytoskeleton? They are composed of the proteins actin and myosin and are most prevalent at the edge of a cell.

Back 4

Microfilaments

Front 5

What is the function of Microfilaments? .

Back 5

They help generate movement and provide mechanical support

Front 6

What are thicker than microfilaments but thinner than microtubules? Several different proteins can compose of these filaments, which are exceptionally strong.

Back 6

Intermediate Filaments

Front 7

Where are Intermediate Filaments found?

Back 7

In parts of the cell subject to stress.

Front 8

What is the function of Intermediate Filaments?

Back 8

They help stabilize the position of organelles such as the nucleus and help attach cells to on another.

Front 9

What are the largest of the cytoskeletal components and are long unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of the protein tubulin?

Back 9

Microtubules

Front 10

Where are Microtubules found?

Back 10

Assembly begins in an organelle called the centrosome and grow outward from the centrosome toward the periphery of the cell.

Front 11

What is the function of Microtubules?

Back 11

They help determine cell shape and also function in the movement of organelles such as secretory vesicles, of chromosomes during cell division.

Front 12

What is a network of membranes in the shape of flattened sacs or tubules?

Back 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 13

What consists of 3–20 flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae, modifys, sort, and packages proteins for transport to different destinations?
- Proteins are transported by various vesicles

Back 13

Golgi complex

Front 14

What is the function of the Golgi Complex?

Back 14

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport to different destinations.

Front 15

What are vesicles that form from the Golgi complex and contain powerful digestive enzymes?

Back 15

Lysosomes

Front 16

What helps recycle worn-out cell structures?

Back 16

Lysosomal Enzymes

Front 17

What contains several oxidases, enzymes that can oxidize (remove hydrogen atoms from) various organic substance?

Back 17

Peroxisomes

Front 18

What detoxify's several toxic substances such as alcohol, is abundant in the liver and smaller than lysosomes?

Back 18

Peroxisomes

Front 19

What continuously destroy's unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins and is found in the cytosol and the nucleus?

Back 19

Proteasomes

Front 20

What is a small spherical sac formed by budding off from a membrane and proteins are transported by various types of these?

Back 20

Vesicles

Front 21

What Generates ATP, the “powerhouses” of the cell, and is more prevalent in physiologically active cells such as the muscles, liver and kidneys?

Back 21

Mitochondria, also plays an important and early role in Apoptosis.

Front 22

The series of folds of the inner membrane of Mitochondria is called?

Back 22

Cristae

Front 23

The large central fluid-filled cavity of Mitochondria is called?

Back 23

Matrix

Front 24

The elaborate folds of the cistae provide an enormous surface area for the chemical reactions that are part of the aerobic phase of ____ ____, the reactions that produce most of a cells ATP.

Back 24

Cellular Respiration

Front 25

In a process called ____ ____, a gene’s DNA is used as a template for synthesis of a specific protein.

Back 25

Gene Experession

Front 26

The first process of gene expression is called ____, the information encoded in a specific region of DNA is transcribed (copied) to produce a specific molecule of RNA.

Back 26

Transcription

Front 27

In a second process of gene expression called ____, the RNA attaches to a ribosome, where the information contained in RNA is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule.

Back 27

Translation

Front 28

DNA and RNA store genetic information as sets of three nucleotides. A sequence of three such nucleotides in DNA is called a?

Back 28

Base Triplet

Front 29

Each DNA base triplet is transcribed as a complementary sequence of three nucleotides, called a?

Back 29

Codon

Front 30

The ____ ____ is the set of rules that relate the base triplet sequence of DNA to the corresponding codons of RNA and the amino acids they specify.

Back 30

Genetic Code

Front 31

What directs the synthesis of a protein?

Back 31

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 32

What joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes?

Back 32

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Front 33

What binds to an amino acid and holds it into place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation?

Back 33

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Front 34

What is nuclear division plus cytokinesis, and produces two identical daughter cells during prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Back 34

Mitosis. Responbile for growth, development and replacemnt of old cells.

Front 35

What is a division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

Back 35

Meiosis. Responible for reproduction.

Front 36

Mitosis is a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, is...

Back 36

a division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each possessing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

Front 37

Human somatic cells contain how many pairs of chromosomes

Back 37

23 (total = 46)

Front 38

The two chromosomes that make up each pair are called?

Back 38

homologous chromosomes (homologs)

Front 39

Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes and are called?

Back 39

diploid cells

Front 40

The ____ ____ is a sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two

Back 40

cell cycle

Front 41

What is a large organelle that contains DNA in molecules called chromosomes.

Back 41

The nucleus

Front 42

Each chromosome consists of
a single molecule of ____ and
associated packaging proteins.

Back 42

DNA

Front 43

A chromosome contains
thousands of hereditary
units called?

Back 43

genes