A&p Chapter 20 Lymphatic System

Front 1

chyle

Back 1

(kyle) milky fluid; the fat-containing lymph in the lymphatics of the intestine

Front 2

Lacteal

Back 2

lymphatic vessel located in each villus of the intestine; serves to absorb fat materials from chyme passing through the small intestine

Front 3

Lymph

Back 3

specialized fluid formed in the tissue spaces that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to the blood via the lymphatic vessels

Front 4

Lymph Node

Back 4

performs biological filtration of lymph on its way to the circulatory system

Front 5

Lymphatic Vessels

Back 5

system of blind-ended vessels that collect lymph and deliver it to the circulatory system via the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct

Front 6

Spleen

Back 6

largest lymphoid organ; filters blood, destroys worn out red blood cells, salvages iron from hemoglobin, and serves as a blood reservoir

Front 7

Thymus

Back 7

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum; vital part of the body's immune system

Front 8

Tonsils

Back 8

masses of lymphoid tissue; protect against bacteria; three types: palatine tonsils, located on each side of the throat; pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity; and lingual tonsils, near the base of the tongue

Front 9

What is the overall function of the lymphatic system?

Back 9

1. Maintenance of fluid balance in the internal environment and immunity.

Front 10

What is the origin of lymph?

Back 10

Blood and tissue fluid.

Front 11

Compare lymphatic vessels with blood vessels.

Back 11

Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in structure with these exceptions: Lymphatics have thinner walls, contain more valves, and contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. The lymphatic capillary walls contain openings that are larger than those found in blood capillaries. Boundaries between layers are less distinct in the thinner lymphatic vessel walls than in arteries or veins.

Front 12

Describe the overall structure of a typical lymph node.

Back 12

Lymph nodes are oval-shaped structures. Each lymph node is enclosed by a fibrous capsule. The lymph node acts as a “biological” filter with internal sinuses and one-way valves in both the afferent and efferent vessels. Fibrous septa, or trabeculae, extend from the covering capsule toward the center of the node. Cortical nodules within the sinuses are separated from each other by connective tissue (trabeculae). Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a germinal center.

Front 13

Where are lymph nodes usually found?

Back 13

Most of the lymph nodes occur in groups, or clusters, in certain areas: just in front of the ear, in the floor of the mouth, in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just above the bend of the elbow, deep within the underarm and upper chest, and in the groin.

Front 14

What functions are carried out by lymph nodes?

Back 14

Defense and hematopoiesis

Front 15

How do the lymphatic structures of the breast relate to breast cancer?

Back 15

Cancerous cells often spread to other areas because of the lymphatic drainage of the breast. Lymphatics originate in and drain the skin over the breast. Cancer cells can spread easily through the extensive network of lymphatic vessels associated with the breasts. Also, anastomoses (connections) occur between superficial lymphatics from both breasts across the middle line. Such communication can result in the spread of cancerous cells from one breast to the other.

Front 16

Lymph

Back 16

(or lymphatic fluid) is the clear, watery-appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessels

Front 17

Interstitial fluid (IF),

Back 17

which fills the spaces between the cells,

Front 18

lymphokinetic

Back 18

Activities that result in central movement, or flow, of lymph are called. the flow of lymph may be called lymphokinesis

Front 19

How is lymph moved around the body?

Back 19

Research studies have shown that thoracic duct lymph is literally “pumped” into the venous system during the inspiration phase of pulmonary ventilation. Most lymph flow in the body is the result of contracting skeletal muscles

Front 20

What are the functions of the spleen?

Back 20

Defense, Hematopoiesis. Red blood cell destruction and platelet destruction, Blood reservoir