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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In anatomical terms, where is the heart located?
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It lies in the mediastinum just below the body of the sternum between points of attachment of the second through sixth ribs. Approximately two thirds of the heart’s mass is to the left of the midline of the body and one third is to the right
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Describe the shape of the heart.
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In the adult the shape of the heart tends to resemble that of the chest. In tall, thin individuals the heart is frequently described as elongated, whereas in short, stocky individuals it has greater width and is described as transverse. In individuals of average height and weight it is neither long nor transverse but somewhat intermediate between the two
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When does the heart attain its adult shape and weight?
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Between puberty and 25 years of age the heart attains its adult shape and weight—about 310 g is average for the male and 225 g for the female
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What provides lubrication & protection against friction?
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The fibrous pericardial sac with its smooth, well-lubricated lining
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Name the layers of tissues that make up the pericardium.
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Fibrous pericardium, serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layers)
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What is the function of the pericardium?
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The pericardium provides protection against friction by producing a lubricating serous fluid
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Name the three layers of tissue that make up the wall of the heart. What is the function of each layer?
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Epicardium: protection. Myocardium: contraction. Endocardium: lining of the interior of the myocardial wall. Covers the trabeculae
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Name the four chambers of the heart and the valves associated with them.
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Right atrium: tricuspid valve. Right ventricle: tricuspid and pulmonary semilunar valves. Left atrium: bicuspid valve. Left ventricle: bicuspid valve and aortic semilunar valve.
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How do atrioventricular valves differ from semilunar valves?
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Atrioventricular valves consist of two or three (cusps) of endocardium. Semilunar valves consist of half-moon flaps growing out from the lining of the pulmonary artery and aorta
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Briefly describe the general structure and the function of the coronary circulation. Why is an understanding of the coronary circulation so critical to understanding major types of heart disease?
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Myocardial cells receive blood by way of the right and left coronary arteries. They branch off of the aorta at its very beginning and are its first branches. After blood has passed through capillary beds in the myocardium, it enters a series of cardiac veins before draining into the right atrium through a common venous channel called the coronary sinus. More than a half million Americans die every year from coronary disease, and another 3.5 million or more are estimated to suffer some degree of incapacitation. Knowledge about the distribution of coronary artery branches therefore has the utmost practical importance
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