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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the study of body structure? Word is derived from the Greek and means “to cut” or “cutting backwards” (putting things together from slices).
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Human Anatomy
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What is the science of body functions. Including the study of homeostasis (keeping the organs systems of the body in balance)
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Human Physiology
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How do Anotomy and Physiology interrelate?
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Structure and function are closly related. The structure of a part of the body often reflects its function.
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Structure of the body mirrors?
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Function of the body.
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What are the bodys six levels of structural organization from smallest to largest?
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Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism.
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What level of structural organization includes atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions, and molecules, two or more atoms joined together.
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Chemical Level
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What level of structural organization has molecules combined to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals?
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Cellular Level
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What are the basic structural and functional units of an organism?
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Cells
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What level of structural organization are groups of cells that work together to perform a similar function?
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Tissue Level
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While there are many different types of cells, they all work to form what 4 basic types of tissues?
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Epithelium, Muscle, Connective Tissue, and Nerves.
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What level of structural organization are structures composed of two or more different types of tissues (all but the simplest of these have all 4 basic tissues represented.)
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Organ Level
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What level of structural organization consists of related organs with a common function. For instance, the Digestive system handles all aspects of taking in and breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating wastes.
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System Level (Organ Systems)
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The System level of structural organization includes all the organs of the?
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mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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How many organ systems are in the body?
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11
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What level of structural organization consists of a collection of organ systems?
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Organism Level
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The Six important life processes are? These are the characteristics of life.
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Metabolism, Responsiveness
Movement, Growth Differentiation, and Reproduction. |
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What is the sum of all the catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) chemical processes that occur in the body?
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Metabolism
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What is the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes which might represent an opportunity… or a threat?
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Responsiveness
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What is any motion, including movement of tiny subcellular structures, or movement inside cells or organs?
Leg muscles move the body from one place to another. |
Movement
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What involves an increase in body size due to an increase in existing cells, number of cells, or both?
In bone growth, materials between cells increase. |
Growth
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What is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to specialized state. Cells have specialized structures and functions that differ from precursor cells?
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Differentiation
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What is the formation of new cells (growth, repair, or replacement) or the production of a new individual?
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Reproduction
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What is a condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment. It is a dynamic condition meant to keep body functions in the narrow range compatible with maintaining life?
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Homeostasis
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What feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition.
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A negative feedback system
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What feedback system tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the bodys controlled conditions?
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A positive feedback system
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If a response reverses the stimulus, a system is operating by what feedback system?
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Negative,
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If a response enhances or intensifies the stimulas a system is operating by what feedback system?
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Positive
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Some stimulus disrupts homeostasis, Blood pressure rises, Receptors dectect the pressure and send nerve impulses to the brain (Control Center), Control center interprets input and sends nerve impulses to the heart and blood vessels (effector), heart rate decreases and blood vessels dilate which lowers blood pressure. What feedback system is this?
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Negative
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Contractions in uterus, stretching of cervix, receptors sense this and send nerve impules to the brain (control center), brain interprets and sends message to muscles in wall of uterus (effectors) and cause the uterus to contract more forcefully, babys body stretches cervix more. What feedback system is this?
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Positive. Interruption occurs when the baby is born.
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