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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of tissue
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Epithelial, Connective, Neural, Muscle
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Basal surface
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attaches bottom of tissue to something else
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Apical surface
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top of tissue, exposed
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Endocrine
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release secretion into internal fluids
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Exocrine
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release secretion via ducts onto an epithelial surface
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Merocrine
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most common
product released by exocytosis include mucus glands, salivary glands, pancreas, and most sweat glands of the skin |
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Apocrine
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product secretion involves loss of cytoplasm
may include mammary glands, cerumin glands of ear (wax) |
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Holocrine
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product secretion destroys cell, regeneration must occur
- includes oil glands of skin |
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Connective Tissue
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Collection of specialized cells
Presence of extracellular protein fibers “Stuff” that the cells and fibers are surrounded by / immersed in Contain more extracellular materials than epithelia Not exposed to outside environment |
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Categories of Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Proper
Fluid Connective Tissue Supporting Connective Tissue |
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Connective Tissue Proper
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Can take on various physical attributes
Can be made up of a variety of cell and fiber types Can be composed of various amounts of ground substance, cells and fibers Loose Connective Tissues – lots of ground substance, “squishy”, pliable, “cushiony” Dense Connective Tissues – more fibers, tough, “rope-like” |
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Loose Connective Tissue Proper
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Act as the “packing materials” of the body
Fills spaces between organs, surrounds/stabilizes/cushions organs Ground substance = thick, syrupy, gooey, semi-fluid Areolar Tissue Adipose Tissue (fat) Reticular Tissue |
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Dense Connective Tissue Proper
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Little ground substance, lots of protein fibers
Dense Regular – fibers run parallel, mostly collagen, tough Dense Irregular – fibers in random, meshwork arrangement Elastic – made of mostly elastic protein fibers, run parallel |
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Cartilage
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Ground substance is a firm gel (semi-solid)
Consistency of ground substance due to presence of the glycosaminoglycan protein called chondroitin Glucosamine is precursor in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans Cells suspended in this gel are called chondrocytes Prefix “chondro-” means cartilage Components of cartilage surrounded by perichondrium Layer of dense, irregular tissue |
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Cartilage Types
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Hyaline Cartilage – found on the ends of long bone, provides stiff but somewhat flexible supports, reduces friction between bony surfaces
Elastic Cartilage – like ear lobes Fibrocatilage – pads within knee joint, between vertebrae; resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact |
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Bone
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Ground substance solid due to presence of calcium salts
Cells called osteocytes (prefix “Osteo-” means bone) Protein fiber mostly collagen |
