A&p Ch. 9 Integumentary

Front 1

What are the 3 functions of the integumentary system?

Back 1

Temperature regulation

Maintenance of water balance

Defense against external elements

Front 2

What does the term hypodermic mean?

Back 2

Below the skin

Front 3

What vitamin does the skin help produce?

Back 3

Vitamin D

Front 4

Where are lipids stored in the skin?

Back 4

In adipocytes (in the dermis)

In adipose tissue (in the subcutaneous layer)

Front 5

What are keratinocytes?

Back 5

Specialized skin cells that produce hormone like substances that stimulate the development of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes.

Front 6

Why are T lymphocytes important?

Back 6

Important in defending against infection.

Front 7

What are the two main layers of the skin?

Back 7

The epidermis and the dermis

Front 8

What kind of epithelial tissue is the epidermis?

Back 8

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 9

What are the two regions of the dermis?

Back 9

The papillary and reticular regions

Front 10

What do the papillary regions contain?

Back 10

Fine elastic fibers and dermal papillae

Front 11

What is the reticular region composed of?

Back 11

Connective tissue containing:

Collagen

Elastic fibers

Fat tissue

Hair follicles

Nerves

Sebaceous glands

Ducts of the sweat glands

Front 12

What is another term for the subcutaneous layer?

Back 12

Hypodermis

Front 13

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Back 13

The layer of soft tissue immediately below the dermis

Front 14

What does adipose tissue do for the body?

Back 14

Insulates

Conserves inner heat and helps keep excessive heat from entering the body.

Front 15

How does the epidermis receive blood?

Back 15

Via the dermal blood vessels.

Front 16

What are keratinocytes?

Back 16

Older cells in the epidermis that produces a protein called keratin.

Front 17

What is the stratum corneum?

Back 17

A layer formed from hardened keratinocytes after keratinization.

Front 18

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

Back 18

Stratum germinativum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

Front 19

What is another name for the stratum germinativum and what layer is it in the epidermis?

Back 19

Stratum basale

Innermost layer

Front 20

What is the basal lamina?

Back 20

A thin, non-cellular layer of ground substance lying under epithelial surfaces that separates the epidermis from the areolar tissue of the adjacent dermis.

Front 21

What forms the epidermal ridges?

Back 21

The stratum germinativum

Front 22

What do the large basal cells do in the stratum germinativum?

Back 22

Nearest stem cells with divisions that replace superficial keratinocytes that are lost or shed on the epithelial surface.

Front 23

What is the stratum spinosum?

Back 23

The second inter most layer of the epidermis that is made up of daughter cells of divided stem cells from the stratum germinativum.

Front 24

How many layers of keratinocytes is the stratum spinosum made up of?

Back 24

8-10

Front 25

What is a desmosome?

Back 25

Cell structure specialized for cell to cell adhesion

Front 26

What do Langerhans cells do?

Back 26

Stimulate immune defenses against microorganisms and superficial skin cancers.

Front 27

How many layers of keratinocytes does the stratum granulosum have?

Back 27

3-5

Front 28

What are most of the cells in the stratum granulosum doing?

Back 28

Making the proteins keratin and keratohyalin.

Front 29

What is keratin?

Back 29

A protein in the skin that is responsible for the strength and permeability of the epidermis.

Front 30

What is keratohyalin?

Back 30

A precursor of keratin that is located in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.

Front 31

What does keratohyalin do?

Back 31

Forms cytoplasmic granules that dehydrate cells and aggregate and cross-link keratin fibers.

Front 32

What areas of the body do we have more stratum lucidum?

Back 32

The palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Front 33

What is eleidin?

Back 33

Granules within the stratum lucidum that are formed from keratohyalin and are eventually transformed to keratin.

Front 34

What is the surface of the skin made up of and how many layers of keratinized cells are there in it? ( in reference two layers of the epidermis)

Back 34

Stratum corneum

15-30 layers

Front 35

Is the stratum corneum water resistant or waterproof?

Back 35

Water resistant

Front 36

What layers of skin do the layers of pigment protect?

Back 36

The epidermis and dermis

Front 37

What is melanin?

Back 37

Dark pigment in skin that protects the skin from the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Front 38

What are melanocytes?

Back 38

Epidermal cells that contribute to skin color by producing and dark pigment called melanin.

Front 39

Where are melanocytes located?

Back 39

Stratum germinativum

Front 40

What is albinism?

Back 40

A condition of the skin resulting from the inability to synthesize and melanin.

Front 41

What are the two major components of the dermis?

Back 41

A superficial papillary layer

A deeper reticular layer

Front 42

What does the papillary layer consist of?

Back 42

Areolar tissue

Capillaries

Lymphatics

Sensory neurons

Front 43

What is the dermal papillary layer named after?

Back 43

The dermal papillae that project between the epidermal ridges

Front 44

What is the reticular layer made up of?

Back 44

A mesh work of connective tissues containing collagen and elastic fibers

Front 45

What structures do both the papillary and reticular layers share in the dermis?

Back 45

Blood vessels

Lymph vessels

Nerve fibers

Front 46

What are the two tests of exocrine glands in your skin?

Back 46

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands

Front 47

What are sebaceous glands?

Back 47

Glands that produce sebum and are located in the dermis of the entire body except for the palms and soles.

Front 48

What is another name for sebaceous glands?

Back 48

Holocrine glands

Front 49

What is sebum?

Back 49

Material produced by sebaceous glands that contains a combination of fatty material and cellular debris.

Front 50

What does sebum do?

Back 50

Oils the hair and skin and help to retain body heat and prevent evaporation of sweat.

Front 51

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Back 51

Merocrine (eccrine) glands

Apocrine glands

Front 52

What are merocrine glands?

Back 52

Sweat glands that produce a solution containing salt and urea that is secreted directly onto the surface of the skin through sweat pores

Front 53

What are apocrine glands?

Back 53

Coiled tubular glands that usually open into hair follicles of the axillae and genitalia, as well as around the anus.

Front 54

What are ceruminous glands?

Back 54

Modified sweat glands in the ear that produce cerumen, which is a component of earwax.

Front 55

What is the Lenula?

Back 55

A whitish, crescent-shaped structure at the base of the nail body. anyway dish, crescent shaped structure at the base of the nail body.

Front 56

What is an abrasion?

Back 56

An injury in which the involved body part has lost its outer layer of skin or mucous membrane because it has been rubbed or scratched off.

Front 57

What is a laceration?

Back 57

A wound with a smooth or jagged edge, resulting from a tearing, scraping, or sharp cutting action.

Front 58

What is a penetrating wound

Back 58

Wound made by a sharp instrument that passes through the skin affecting all tissues in its path.

Front 59

What is an incision?

Back 59

A smooth cut, usually made by a sharp object such as a scalpel.

Front 60

What is an avulsion?

Back 60

A wound in which flaps of skin and tissue are torn loose or pulled off completely.

Front 61

What is an amputation?

Back 61

Completely cutting or tearing off of a body part.