A&p Ch. 7

Front 1

-clast

Back 1

Break

Front 2

Condyl-

Back 2

Knob

Front 3

Fov-

Back 3

Pit

Front 4

Poie-

Back 4

Make

Front 5

Epiphysis

Back 5

End of each long bone

Front 6

Articular cartilage

Back 6

Coated layer of hyaline cartilage

Front 7

Diaphysis

Back 7

Shaft of long bone

Front 8

Metaphysis

Back 8

Widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Front 9

Compact bone

Back 9

Tightly packed tissue

Hint 9

Diaphysis

Front 10

Spongy bone

Back 10

Thin layers of compact bone

Hint 10

Epiphysis

Front 11

Trabeculae

Back 11

Branching bony plates

Front 12

Intramembranous bones

Back 12

Membrane like layers of embryotic connective tissue appear at the sites of future bones

Front 13

Endochondral bones

Back 13

Develop from masses of hyaline cartilage shaped like future bony stuctures

Front 14

Intramembranous ossification steps

Back 14

1. Sheets of embryotic connective tissue appear at the sites of future bones

2. Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts, which deposit bone matrix

3. Dense networks of blood vessels supply the developing spongy bone

4. Osteoblasts become astrocytes when bony matrix completely surrounds them

5. mesenchyme on the surface of each developing structure condenses to form periosteum

6. Osteoblasts on the inside of the periosteum deposit compact bone over the spongy bone

Front 15

Endochondral optimization steps

Back 15

1. Masses of hyaline cartilage form models of future bones

2. Cartilage tissue brake down. Periosteum develops

3. Blood vessels and differentiating osteoblasts from the periosteum invade the disintegrating tissue

4. Osteoblasts form spongy bone in the space occupied by cartilage

5. Osteoblasts beneath the periosteum deposit compact bone

6. Osteoblasts become astrocytes when bony matrix completely surrounds them.

Front 16

4 zones of epiphyseal plate

Back 16

1. Zone of resting cartilage

2. Zone of proliferating cartilage

3. Zone if hypertrophic cartilage

4. Zone of calcified cartilage

Front 17

Bone remodeling

Back 17

Occurs throughout life as osteoclasts resorb bone tissue and osteoblasts replace the bone; remodeling if spongy bone is faster than of compact bone

Front 18

Factors influencing bone development, growth and repair are;

Back 18

Nutrition, exposure, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise

Front 19

Growth hormone

Back 19

Secreted by pituitary gland; stimulates division of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plates

Front 20

Hematopoises

Back 20

Process of blood cell formation

Front 21

Red marrow

Back 21

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets form

Front 22

Hemoglobin

Back 22

Red, Oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells

Front 23

Yellow marrow

Back 23

Stores fat, does not produce blood cells.

Front 24

8 cranial bones

Back 24

1 Frontal

2 parietal

1 occipital

2 temporal

1 sphenoid

1 ethmoid

Front 25

14 facial bones

Back 25

2 maxilla

2 palatine

2 zygomatic

2 lacrimal

2 nasal

1 vomer

2 inferior nasal conchs

1 mandible

Front 26

6 middle ear bones

Back 26

2 Melleus

2 incus

2 stapes

Front 27

26 vertebral column bones

Back 27

7 cervical vertebra

12 thoracic vertebra

5 lumbar vertebra

1 Sacrum

1 coccyx

Front 28

25 Thoracic cage bones

Back 28

24 ribs

1 sternum

Front 29

4 Pectoral girdle bones

Back 29

2 scapula

2 clavivle

Front 30

60 upper limb bones

Back 30

2 humerus

2 radius

2 ulna

16 carpal

10 metacarpal

28 phalanges

Front 31

2 Pelvic girdle bones

Back 31

2 Hip bones

Front 32

60 lower limb bones

Back 32

2 femurs

2 tibia

2 fibula

2 patella

14 tarsal

10 metatarsal

28 phalanges

Front 33

Condyle

Back 33

Rounded process that usually articulated with another bone

Occipital condyle of the occipital bone

Front 34

Crest

Back 34

Narrow ridgepole projection

Iliac crest if the illium

Front 35

Epicondyle

Back 35

Projection situated above a condyle

Front 36

Facet

Back 36

Small, nearly flat surface

Front 37

Fissure

Back 37

Cleft or groove

Front 38

Frontanel

Back 38

Soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

Front 39

Foramen

Back 39

Opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments

Front 40

Fossa

Back 40

Relatively deep pit or depression

Front 41

Fovea

Back 41

Tiny pit or depression

Front 42

Head

Back 42

Enlargement on the end of a bone

Front 43

Linea

Back 43

Narrow ridge

Front 44

Meatus

Back 44

Tube like passageway within a bone

Front 45

Ramus

Back 45

Branch or similar extension

Front 46

Sinus

Back 46

Cavity within a bone

Front 47

Spine

Back 47

Thorn like projection

Front 48

Sulcus

Back 48

Furrow or groove

Front 49

Suture

Back 49

Interlocking line of union between bones

Front 50

Trochanter

Back 50

Relatively large process

Front 51

Tubercle

Back 51

Knob like process

Front 52

Tuberosity

Back 52

Knob like process usually larger than a tubercle