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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
list the three types of joints and their functions |
fibrous joint, cartilaginious, synovial joint
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fibrous joint |
bones held together by dense regular connective tissue. |
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cartilaginous joint |
bones are held together by cartilage |
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synovial joint |
has a fluid filled joint cavity that seperates the articulating surface of the bones |
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movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
abduction |
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most common joint in the skull |
suture |
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a bending movement that decreases the angle of a joint; bringing the articulating bones closer together |
flexion |
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THE TERMS INVERSION AND DORSIFLEXION PERTAIN ONLY TO THE ___________. |
FEET |
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TYPES OF ARTHRITIS |
rheumatoid, Osteoarthritis, Gouty arthritis |
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Rheumatoid arthritis |
bones may fuse, more common in women, autoimmune disorder |
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Osteoarthritis |
joint disease caused by aging; more common |
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gouty arthritis |
abnormal uric acid in the blood; more common in men. |
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Ilia in male (pelvis) |
higher and straighter; arch less than 90 degrees; narrow inlet, sacrum is long and curves up into true pelvis; ischial spines are close together |
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ilia in female (pelvis) |
more wide (almost bowl shaped); more that 90 degree arch; inlet is large and circular; sacrum is short and more straight; ischial spine is short and farther apart. |
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semilunar fibrocartilage pads found in some synovial joints (ex the knee joint) |
menisci |
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lyme disease is a bacterial disease that can cause joint pain and arthritis. Lyme disease is transmitted by ______________. |
Ticks |
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a fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket |
gomphosis |
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the distinguishing features of synovial joints is? |
articular cartilage, synovial cavity, articualar capsule, synovial fluid, rich in blood vessels and nerves. |
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flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. |
Bursae |
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EX of uniaxial joints |
hip joint, elbow |
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interosseus fibrous joint |
radius and ulnar |
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the joint between metacarpal 1 and the trapezium is a __________ |
saddle joint |
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the _______ is a cartilaginous joint in which the articular surfaces of the bones are covered in hyaline cartilage and fuse to a plate of fibrocartilage |
symphesis |
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what movement of the forearm turns the palm face upward and the radius rotates over the ulna? |
Pronation |
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what suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bone? |
Coronal |
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Keystone of the cranium |
Sphenoid |
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why is the hyoid bone unique? |
It does NOT articulate with any other bone in the human body |
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The 7 bones that contribute to the formation of the orbits |
Frontal bone, maxilla, lacrimal, ethnoid, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic |
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What two facial bones are UNPAIRED? |
Mandible & Vomer |
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Vertebra with NO body |
atlas |
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3 seperate hip bones of a Child |
Ishium, illium, Pubis (in adults, the bones are fuse) |
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Skull bone that the foramen magnum passes through is the _____________? |
Occipital |
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what type of bone is a vertebrae? |
Irregular bone |
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List the types of vertebrae |
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 1 sacrum 1 coccyx ------------------- 26 total vertebra |
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There are _________ pairs of ribs in the human skeleton. |
24 |
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___________ of the ribs are true ribs |
14 (two pair 7+7=14) |
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___________ of the ribs are false ribs |
6
two pair (3+3=6)
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____________ of the ribs are floating ribs |
4 two pair (2+2=4)
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articulates whith the humerous of the arm, forming the shoulder joint |
Glenohumeral Joint |
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Thoracic vertebrae differ because they have |
facets for attachment of RIBS |
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chondyle of the humerus that articulates with the radius |
Capitulum |
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only vertebrae with transverse foramen |
Cervical |
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what two bones is the pectoral girdle made up of? |
Clavicle and Scapula |
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a small central pit in the femurs head, from which a small ligament runs to the acetabulum. |
Fovea Capitis |
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Failure of these bones to fuse can cause Cleft Palate. |
Maxillae |
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abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region |
Scoliosis |
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membranous areas between the cranial bone of the fetal skull that allows for ease of passage through the birth canal and brain growth |
Fontanelles |
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functions of the skeletal system |
support, protection, movement, homeostasis, blood cell production, storage |
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epidermal layer responsible for cell division and replacement |
basale |
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order of epidermal layers (apical first) |
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale |
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layer of dermis that constitutes 80% and contains fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells |
The reticular layer |
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Eccrine glands secrete _____________ |
water |
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Coarse hair of the eyebrows and the scalp |
terminal |
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The secretion of sebum (secreted by sebaceous glands) is stimulated by.......... |
Hormones, especially androgens |
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Where are apocrine sweat glands found on the human body? |
armpits and pubic region |
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Fingernails are a modification of what part of the integumentary system? |
Epidermis |
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The muscle connected to hair follicles that cause Goose bumps |
arrector pili muscles |
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only visible in thick skin |
Stratum Lucidum |
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4 main cell types in the epidermis |
Kerintocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells |
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types of skin cancer (least common to most common) |
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
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epidermal layer responsible for cell division and replacement |
Basale |
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order of epidermis layer (apical surface) |
Corneum, granulosome, spinosume, basal |
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layer of dermis that constitutes 80% of the dermis and contain fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells |
reticular layer |
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the eccrine glands secrete _________ |
water |
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the coarse hair of the scalp and eyebrows is called |
terminal |
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what promotes the sebaceous glands to produce sebum |
hormones |
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Apocrine are found where on the human body |
arm pits and pubic area |
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fingernails are modifications of what part of the integumentary system |
Epidermis |
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which muscles attached to the hair follicle cause goose bumps? |
Arrector pili muscles |
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the stratum ___________ is visible only in thick skin |
Lucidum |
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types of skin cancer starting with the most common |
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma cell carcinoma |
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most deadly skin canver; must be removed quickly to prevent metastasis |
melnoma cell carcinoma |
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FIRST threat to life from a 3rd degree burn |
dehydration and lack of electrolytes |
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functions of the integumentary system |
to provide a chemical, physical, and biological barrier for the body. -body temp regulation -cutaneous sensations -metabolic -blood reservoir -5% bodys blood vol.
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what part of the skin is the blood reservoir found? |
the dermis |
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changes in the natural color of skin. _________ may indicate embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy |
Erythema (redness) |
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acne is a disorder associated with ___________ |
sebaceous glands |
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the single most important risk for skin cancer is ____________. |
UV rays |
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Vernix caseosa is a _____________ |
whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands |
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Which gland secretes ear wax? |
Ceruminous |
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Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health. Which of the following protects against excessive water loss through the skin? |
Lamellated granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum |
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The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called ____________________. |
Dermal Papillae |
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List the three pigments that contribute to skin color |
Melanin, carotene, hemagloben |
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a ___________ is a very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process found only in the femur. |
Trochanter |
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list the steps of intramembranous ossification |
1. ossification centers appear 2. osteoid is secrete 3. woven bone and periosteum form 4. lamellar bone replaces woven bone and red marrow appears. |
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What gland produces a hormone that increases blood calcium? |
Parathyroid |
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A __________ is a shallow, basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface. |
Fossa |
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list the bones formed by intramembranous ossification |
flat bones |
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A fracture in the shaft of the bone would be a break in the |
Diaphysis |
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A ________ is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface on a bone. |
Facet |
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what are the two places hyaline cartilage can be found after secondary ossification of long bone is complete? |
articular surface of joints and epiphyseal plate |
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appositional cartilage growth |
growth on top; chondroblasts lay down cartilage matrix on existing cartilage |
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Interstitial cartilage growth |
from within; chondroblasts multiply within lacunae |
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list the stages in bone repair |
hematoma forms, fibrocartilageinour callus forms, bony callus formation, bone remodeling |
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in the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows from _________ to _______. |
diaphysis to epiphysis |
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A __________ fracture is one in which the broken bone penetrates the skin |
open |
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which type of bone cell is responsible for resorbtion (breakdown) for various reasons |
osteoclasts |
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the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live |
lacunae |
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list the four types of bone acording to shape |
long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones |
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example of long bone |
femur, tibia, humerus, radius, and ulna |
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ex. short bones |
carpals, tarsals |
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ex flat bones |
frontal , parietal |
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ex irregular bones |
spinal collumn, sphenoid, ethmoid bones |
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the structural unit of compact bone is _______ |
osteon |
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runs through the core of each osteon and contain small blood vessels and nerve fibers that serve need of the osteons cells |
central canal |
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concentric rings of bone matrix within an osteon are called ___________ |
lamellae |
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osteoporosis |
a common disease of the bones and is often silent until fracture occurs. Low bone mass and increased fragility of bones |
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______ are found in osteoid (the organic part) of he bone matrix and contribute to bones structure and great tensile stregnth |
collagen |
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what chemicals constitute the inorgnic part of the bone? |
calcium phosphate |
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functions of the skeletal system |
mechanical, protective, metabolic |
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____________ is a childhood disease characterized by poor bone mineralization, soft bones, and bone deformities. It is caused by calcium or vitamin D deficiency |
rickets |
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define perichondria |
the connective tissue that envelopes cartilage where it is not at a joint |
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define osteomalacia |
softening of the bones |