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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 Types of Tissue
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Epithelial
Connective Nervous Muscle |
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Main function of epithelial tissue?
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Covers surfaces.
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Glands are classified as which type of tissue?
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Epithelial
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Name the functions of the epithelium.
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Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception.
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What makes epithelial tissue different from other types?
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Cells fit closely together and use specialized junctions.
Membranes are polar (apical vs. basal surfaces). Supported by connective tissue. Avascularity. Regeneration. |
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What two different things are the epithelia classified by?
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Cell shape.
Arrangement/number of layers. |
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What are the two possible arrangements for epithelia?
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Simple (one layer) and stratified (2 or more layers).
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What are the different cell shapes of epithelia?
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Squamous
Cuboidal Columnar |
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How are stratified epithelia named?
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According to the cells at the apical surface of the membrane, not those resting on the basement membrane.
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What are the two more atypical types of epithelia?
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Pseudostratified (actually simple columnar) and transitional (stratified squamous).
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What are the two types of glands?
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Endocrine or "ductless" glands (produce hormones)
Exocrine glands (sweat, oil, liver, pancreas) |
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What do simple squamous cells look like in cross section?
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* Appears as a thin layer of flattened cells
* Cytoplasm looks like a thin line * Nucleus also appears flattened * When viewed from the surface, can be shaped like a fried egg |
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What do simple cuboidal cells look like in cross section?
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* Cells appear square or slightly rounded
* Nuclei are usually round |
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What do simple columnar cells look like in cross section?
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* Cells are taller than they are wide
* Nuclei are oval |
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Main function of connective tissue?
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Protect, support and bind together other tissues of the body.
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What is scar tissue made of?
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Connective tissue.
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What is areolar connective tissue?
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Soft packaging material that cushion and protects body organs.
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What is adipose connective tissue?
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Provides insulation for the body tissues and a source of stored food.
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What is hematopoietic tissue?
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Replenishes the body's supply of red blood cells.
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Characteristics of connective tissue?
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* Highly vascularized (except for cartilage, tendons, ligaments)
* Composed of many cell types * Lots of noncellular/nonliving material between the cells of connective tissue |
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Which type of connective tissue has the most extracellular matrix? The least?
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Bone & cartilage.
Adipose tissue. |
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What is the extracellular matrix made of?
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Ground substance (interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans)
Fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular) |
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All other connective tissues are variations of which type of connective tissue?
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Areolar
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What are the 4 main type of adult connective tissue?
Where do they all derive from? |
* Connective tissue proper (areolar, adipose, reticular, dense/fibrous)
* Cartilage * Bone * Blood All derive from the embryonic tissue mesenchyme. |
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Define lacunae.
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A cavity in the very firm extracellular matrises (bone, cartilage) where connective tissue cells reside.
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Characteristics of adiopose connective tissue in cross section.
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* Large cells
* Nucleus is not always visible |
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Characteristics of areolar connective tissue in cross section.
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* Macrophages
* Mast cells * Dark wavy elastic fibers * Lighter staining collagen fibers * Smooth muscle stains darker than areolar tissue |
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Characteristics of reticular connective tissue in cross section.
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* Fibers form a fine branching network
* Lightly colored circles are the nuclei of cells * Many cells held close together in the network |
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Characteristics of dense regular connective tissue in cross section.
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* Parallel, tightly packed collagen fibers
* Thin, dark, flattened nuclei of fibroblasts |
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Characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue in cross section.
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* Many thick, pink-staining collagen fibers
* Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type, sparsely distributed among the collagen. * Fibroblasts are flattened, dark staining nuclei. |
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Define chondrocyte.
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Mature cell of cartilage tissue.
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Characteristics of hyaline cartilage in cross section.
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* Rounded chondrocytes in lacunae
* Homogenous extracellular matrix |
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Characteristics of elastic cartilage in cross section.
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* Large round chondrocytes in lacunae
* Matrix has a lot of dark-stained elastic fibers |
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Characteristics of fibrocartilage in cross section.
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* Large round chondrocytes in lacunae
* Matrix has densely packed collagen fibers |
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Characteristics of osseous connective tissue (bone) in cross section.
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* Looks like cross section of a tree with dark spots
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Characteristics of blood in cross section.
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* Red blood cells usually stain red or pink
* Occassional white blood cells and platelets |
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Characteristics of mesenchyme in cross section.
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* Small dark specks (nuceli)
* Faint appearance of fibers * Large amount of extracellular material and few cells. * Unorganized appearance |
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What is the main function of muscle tissue?
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Movement
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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
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Cardiac, skeletal, smooth
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Which type of muscle is multinucleate?
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Skeletal muscle
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Which types of muscles are involuntary?
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Cardiac & smooth
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Name 5 characteristics of skeletal muscle cells.
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* Long
* Cylindrical * Multinucleate * Nuclei at periphery of cell * Striations |
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What enables the cardiac muscle to act as a unit?
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The cells are branching and they interdigitate at junctions called intercalated discs.
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What is smooth muscle also known as?
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Visceral muscle
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Where is smooth muscle found?
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The walls of hollow organs (digestive & urinary tract, uterus, blood vessels)
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What differentiates smooth muscle from dense fibrous connective tissue in cross section?
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* Smooth muscle has many more nuclei
* Smooth muscle has a more solid, dark pink stain b/c the stain is revealing the cytoplasm of the muscle cells , rather than the extracellular collagen fibers in connective tissue. |
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What are the 2 types of nervous tissue cells?
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Neurons and neuroglia
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