A&p Ch. 4

Front 1

Describe granulocyte.

Back 1

category of WBC characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm, 3 lobed. Types: Neutrophil,
Eosinophil, Basophil

Front 2

Describe agranulocyte.

Back 2

category of WBC characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, round. Types: Lymphocytes,
Monocytes

Front 3

Describe Labile Cells.

Back 3

cells divide throughout life and can undergo regeneration

Front 4

Describe Stable Cells.

Back 4

cells do not ordinarily divide after growth is complete but can regenerate if necessary.

Front 5

Describe Permanent Cells.

Back 5

cells cannot replicate. If killed, permanent tissue is repaired by replacement.

Front 6

Define Tissue

Back 6

a group of cells that usually have a common embryological origin and function together to carry out a specific function. There will be communication between these cells that allows them to function as a unit.

Front 7

What are Neural Crest Cells?

Back 7

group of cells that break away from the neuroectoderm during development which give rise to parts of the peripheral nerves, skin pigment, medulla of the adrenal gland, and many tissues of the face.

Front 8

Describe epithelial tissue.

Back 8

covers surfaces, lines inside of organs and body cavities and forms glands. Epithelial cells are found above a basement membrane

Front 9

Describe connective tissue.

Back 9

protects and supports body, binds organs together, provides immunity.

Front 10

Describe Muscle tissue.

Back 10

movement and generation of heat

Front 11

Describe Nervous tissue.

Back 11

initiate and transmits impulses (action potentials) that control and coordinate the functioning of the body

Front 12

What are the general characteristics of Epithelial Tissue?

Back 12

Apical surface (free) and a basal surface (connected to a basement membrane);
Arranged close together in the tissue
Arranged in sheets that are either single or layered to form the tissue
Many gap junctions occur
Avascular tissue (no blood vessels); cells rely on diffusion of O2 and nutrients from nearby vessels
Has a nerve supply
High rate of mitosis due to location causing wear and tear

Front 13

Describe endocrine glands.

Back 13

secretions (hormones) do not go through a duct; ex) pituitary, adrenal gland

Front 14

Describe excorine glands.

Back 14

glands in which the secretions that are produced flow onto through a tube-like passageway (duct) to get to the surface; ex) mucus, digestive glands

Front 15

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Back 15

cells are scattered, not located on surfaces; has a nerve supply (exception: cartilage); Highly vascularized (exceptions: cartilage and tendons); connective tissue is derived from embryonic tissue called mesenchyme

Front 16

Define epithelial membrane

Back 16

Epithelial Membrane - A membrane is a thin sheet of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity. Most membranes are composed from epithelium and connective tissue under it. The skin is the external membrane of the body. Types are: Serious, Mucous, Synovial.

Front 17

Describe characteristics of Nervous tissue.

Back 17

Neurons carry impulses from one place to another, offering coordination to the body. includes: nucleus, cellular organelles, dendrites, axons, axon branches
Neuroglia (glial) - more abundant than the neurons and don’t carry impulses

Front 18

Describe characteristics of muscular tissue.

Back 18

Skeletal Muscle - This tissue is under voluntary control, containing multinucleated cells that have striations in the cytoplasm.
Cardiac Muscle - This type of muscle is found only in the walls of the heart. It is involuntary and functions in the flow of blood through the heart chambers. It contains areas where the membranes of 2 cardiac cells overlap each other, called intercalated discs. These appear as dark perpendicular lines. Lying parallel to the discs are lighter lines called the striations. These cells are uninuclear – 1 nucleus per cell.
Smooth Muscle - This is involuntary muscle found in the walls of the viscera. The cells do not have any striations in the cytoplasm (hence the label “smooth”), are uninuclear and are spindle shape. They tend to exist in sheets.

Front 19

What is inflammation?

Back 19

response is to isolate injurious agents from the rest of the body and to attack and destroy the injurious agent.

Front 20

What 5 symptoms does inflammation produce?

Back 20

redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function

Front 21

Describe Primary healing vs. secondary healing.

Back 21

Primary healing: healing by first intention takes place in an injury that has even and closely opposed edges, such as a cut or incision. With this type of injury if the edges are held in very close approximation, a minimum of granulation tissue is produced.
Secondary healing: healing by secondary intention, results when there is a gaping lesion and large tissue loss, leading to replacement by scar tissue. External wounds such as lacerations commonly heal by secondary intention.