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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytoplasm is found... |
between the plasma membrane and nucleus |
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Cytosol is |
water with solutes |
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Cytoplasmic organelles |
Are the metabolic machinery of the cell |
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Inclusions |
Granules of glycogen or pigments, lipids, vacuoles, and crystals |
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Membranous Cytoplasmic organelles include |
mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus |
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Nonmembranous Cytoplasmic organelles include |
cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes |
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Mitochondia |
-double membrane structure -provides most of cell's ATP via aerobic cellular respiration -Contains their own DNA and RNA |
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Ribosomes |
-Granules containing protein and rRNA -Site of protein synthesis -May be attached to Rough ER |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
-Continuous with nuclear membrane -Rough and Smooth |
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Rough ER |
-External surface studded with ribosomes -Manufactures all secreted proteins -Synthesizes integral proteins and phospholipids |
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Smooth ER |
-Lipid and cholesterol metabolism -Breakdown of glycogen, and along with the kidneys, detoxification of drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens. -Synthesis of steroid based hormones -In intestinal cells, absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats -In skeletal and cardiac muscle, storage and release of calcium |
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Golgi Apparatus |
-Modifies and packages proteins and lipids -Transport vessel from ER fuse with the convex cis face -Proteins then pass through to the trans face -Secretory vesicles leave the trans face and move to designated parts of cell |
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Lysosomes |
-Contains digestive enzymes -Digests ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins -Degrade nonfunctional organelles -Break down and release glycogen -Break down bone to release Ca2+ -Destroy cells in injured or nonuseful tissue |
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Endomembrane System |
-Produce, store, and export biological molecules -Degrade potentially harmful substances |
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Peroxisomes |
-Oxidases and catalases -Detoxify harmful or toxic substances -Neutralize dangerous free radicals |
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Cytoskeleton |
-Elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol containing microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
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Microfilaments |
-Actin strands attached to cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane -Involved in cell motility, change in shape, endocytosis and exocytosis |
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Intermediate Filaments |
-Tough, insoluble, ropelike protein fibers -Resists pulling forces on the cell and attaches to desmosomes |
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Microtubules |
-Hollow tubes -Determine overall shape of the cell and distribution of organelles |
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Centrosome |
-"Cell Center" near the nucleus -Generates microtubules -Organizes mitotic spindle -Contains centrioles formed by microtubules |
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Cellular Extensions |
-Cilia and flagella |
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Microvilli |
-Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane -Increase the surface area for absorption |
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Nucleus |
-Genetic library with blueprints for nearly all cellular proteins -Responds to signals and dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be synthesized -Most cells are uninucleate (one nucleus) -Red blood cells are anucleate (no nucleus) -Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleate (multiple nuclei) |
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Nuclear Envelope |
-Double membrane barrier containing pores -Outer layer is continuous with rough ER and bears ribosomes -Pore complex regulates transport |
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Nucleoli |
-Spherical bodies within the nucleus -Involved in rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly |
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Chromatin |
-Made up of 30% DNA, 60% Histone Proteins, and 10% RNA -Arranged in fundamental units called nucleosomes -Condense into chromosomes when cell starts to divide |
