Candygyrl Ch 2 Chemistry A&p

Front 1

What is the charge for a PROTON?

Back 1

positive

Front 2

What is the charge for a NEUTRON

Back 2

neutral

Front 3

What is the charge for an ELECTRON?

Back 3

Negative

Front 4

What 2 charges are in the nucleus of an atom

Back 4

Protons
Neutrons

Front 5

Atomic #

Back 5

# of protons in an atoms nucleus

Protons determine what atom will be

Front 6

What makes an atom neutral?

Back 6

EQUAL number of protons and electrons

Front 7

What makes an ion?

Back 7

UNEQUAL amount of protons AND electrons.
Its Charged!

Front 8

What is an isotope?

Back 8

Same number of protons
Different number of neutrons.

(differ in atomic mass and are radioactive elements)

Front 9

What is an element?

Back 9

cannot be chemically broken down further.
simplest form of matter

Front 10

What are the 6 main elements?

Back 10

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Calcium
Phosphorus

Front 11

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Back 11

atom

Front 12

Atomic mass

Back 12

Protons + Neutrons

Front 13

What is an ionic bond?

Back 13

atoms that transfer electrons between cation and anion and easily break when dissolved in water

Front 14

What is a covalent bond?

Back 14

2 atoms share a pair or more of electrons.

Front 15

What are polar bonds?

Back 15

UNEVEN sharing of electrons

Front 16

What are nonpolar bonds?

Back 16

share electrons EQUALLY

Front 17

What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic?

Back 17

Organic contain CARBON

Inorganic DO NOT contain carbon

Front 18

What are the 4 properties of water?

Back 18

Solvency,
Cohesion,
Chemical reactivity,
and Thermal stability

Front 19

What is the universal solvent?

Back 19

Water

Front 20

What is a cation?

Back 20

LOSES electrons and gains a POSITIVE charge!

Front 21

Normal pH?

Back 21

7.35 - 7.45

Front 22

Catalyst

Back 22

speeds up rate of a chemical reaction BY lowering the amt of activation energy needed to start reaction.

Front 23

What are salts?

Back 23

IONIC compounds FROM neutralization reaction of an acid and base.

Front 24

What is a buffer?

Back 24

SOLUTION that resists changes in ph when acid or base is added.

Front 25

Blood with a pH of less than 7.35

Back 25

acidosis

Front 26

What is acid base balance about?

Back 26

regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids.

Front 27

Name 4 organic molecules.

Back 27

Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids

Front 28

Blood with a pH of greater than 7.45

Back 28

alkalosis

Front 29

What are carbohydrates?

Back 29

hydrophyllic (water-loving) and Main source of energy TO Perform chemical reactions (ATP)

Front 30

What are monosaccharides?

Back 30

simple sugars composed of SINGLE CARBON

Front 31

What are dissacharides?

Back 31

simple sugars composed of 2 monosaccharide molecules.

Front 32

Sucrose is made up of which 2 sugars

Back 32

glucose and fructose

Front 33

Lipds are

Back 33

hydrophobic and function as stored energy.

Front 34

What are the 4 categories of lipids

Back 34

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Eicosanoids
Steroids

Front 35

What are triglycerides?

Back 35

most common lipid and store as adipose tissue

Front 36

Saturated fatty acids

Back 36

Contain hydrogen and SINGLE bond between Carbon

Solid at room temp

Front 37

Unsaturated fatty acids

Back 37

contain hydrogen and DOUBLE bonds between carbon

liquid at room temp

Front 38

Phospholipids

Back 38

Major lipids IN cell membranes.
Hydrophilic polar head with hydrophobic tail
Lipids containing phosphorus.

Front 39

Steroids are composed of

Back 39

lipids with 4 rings of carbon and a cholesterol.

Front 40

Protein polymers

Back 40

Macro-molecule building block called amino acids
Joined by peptide and Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,and nitrogen.

Front 41

ATP

Back 41

Energy-transferring molecule.
Its energy comes from GLUCOSE OXIDATION

Front 42

ANaerobic metabolism

Back 42

No oxygen
No ATP produced
Makes lactic acid

Front 43

Aerobic metabolism

Back 43

Breaks pyruvic acid down to carbon dioxide and water

Makes 38 molecules of ATP

Front 44

kreb cycle

Back 44

aerobic metabolism

Front 45

Covalent bonds

Back 45

formed by atoms that share electrons
strongest bond

Front 46

Hydrogen bonds

Back 46

Bond between a hydrogen atom with a partially positive charge, and a neighboring atom with a partially negative charge.

Front 47

Raised H+ in ph =

Back 47

Raised H+ lower the pH below 7 - acid

Lower H+ raise the pH above 7 - basic

Front 48

Proteins

Back 48

Long CHAINS of Amino acids bound together by Covalent Peptide bonds.

Front 49

amino acid contains

Back 49

amino group
carboxyl group
and a functional group

Front 50

DNA consists of

Back 50

two long polynucleotide strands
twisted into a double helix.

Front 51

synthesis reaction

Back 51

Reactants combine to form a complex product.
Needs energy
Wound repair

Front 52

Decomposition Reaction

Back 52

Complex nutrient is broken down into simple substances

Bonds are broken and energy released for other cell functions

Front 53

Catabolism -

Back 53

Hydrolysis - break down larger food into units by adding water

release energy

Front 54

Anabolism

Back 54

Dehydration synthesis that build by removing water

Needs atp (energy)

Front 55

Electrolytes

Back 55

acids
bases
salts

Front 56

Anion

Back 56

GAINS electrons and has NEGATIVE charge!

Front 57

lactose contains

Back 57

glucose and galactose

Front 58

monosaccharides examples

Back 58

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

Front 59

disaccharides examples

Back 59

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Front 60

Adenine pairs

Back 60

Adenine pairs with Thymine,

A=T

Front 61

Guanine pairs

Back 61

Guanine pairs with Cytosine.

G=C

Front 62

what do carbohydrates contain

Back 62

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

Front 63

What do triglycerides consist of

Back 63

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol.

Front 64

lipds are composed of

Back 64

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Front 65

hydrogen bonds maintain what structure

Back 65

3d structure in proteins and nucleic acids