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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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structure, "cut up"
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Physiology
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function, "study of nature"
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Why Anatomy and Physiology studied together?
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function dependent on structure
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Regulation of the body takes place on..
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molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism levels
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Metabolism
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process of assimilating materials and energy, used to grow
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homeostasis
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dynamic equilibrium, "stay the same", maintain conditions at a constant level
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reproduction
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cells can self copy, DNA (heredity)
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response to stimulus
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environmental factors: pathogens, climate, radiation, stress
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growth and development and evolution
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change in structure brings change in function
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human organisms characteristics
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regulation, use materials and energy, homeostasis, reproduction, response to stimuli, growth and development, ability to evolve
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historical development
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a&p began in greece
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Hippocrates
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Father of medicine, diseases from natural causes, not gods
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History:20th century (anatomy)
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A&p highly specialized ( gross or macroscopic, regional, systemic, surface, microscopic, developmental, pathological anatomy)
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microscopic anatomy
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cytology (internal cell structure)
histology (tissues composed of diff. cell types) |
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History: 20th century (Physiology)
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renal & excretory, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, muscle, gastrointestinal, reproductive, neurophysiology, cellular, pathophysiology
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to understand function, learn structure
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eg. proteins (enzymes)= digestion
DNA= genetic info blood cells (lymphocytes)= immune heart & cardiovascular= blood circulation |
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anatomical position
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Standing, feet together, arms to side, head forward, palms forward
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body planes: sagittal
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left and right
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body planes: frontal
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front and back
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body planes: transverse
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top and bottom
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body cavities
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protect organd, permit growth
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ventral cavity (coelom)
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divided by diaphragm: thoracic and adomniopelvic cavities
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dorsal cavity
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cranial (brain) and vertebral (spine) cavities
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ventral body cavity
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thoracic (heart and lungs): mediastinum and pleural
adomniopelvic: abdominal (digestive viscera) and pelvic (urinary, reproductive, rectum) |
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adomniopelvic cavity
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peritoneal cavity : parietal peritoneum (lines internal body wall)
visceral peritoneum (covers organs) |
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directional terms: superior (cranial)
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toward head
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inferior (caudal)
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toward feet
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ventral (anterior)
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front
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dorsal (posterior)
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Back
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medial
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midline
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lateral
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away from midline
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intermediate
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between medial and lateral
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proximal
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close to point of origin
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distal
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away from point of origin
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superficial (external)
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body surface
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deep (internal)
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away from body surface
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4 quadrants
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subjects point of view
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regions
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