Ap Biology- Viruses

Front 1

Dimitry Ivanovsky

Back 1

tobacco

Front 2

martinus beijerinck

Back 2

reproduction

Front 3

wendell stanley

Back 3

isolated virus

Front 4

edward jenner

Back 4

small pox

Front 5

louis pasteur

Back 5

rabies

Front 6

obstacles to studying viruses

Back 6

-they are tiny
-hard to grow

Front 7

structure

Back 7

-capsid (protein coat)
-genetic material (dna or rna)

Front 8

retrovirus

Back 8

makes dna from rna

Front 9

lytic cycle

Back 9

1. absorption
2. injection
3. replication
4. assembly
5. breakout

Front 10

lysogenic cycle (latent)

Back 10

pauses between steps 2 and 3.

Front 11

classifing viruses

Back 11

1. genetic material
2. host
3. how they emerge
4. active v. latent
5. mutation rate

Front 12

origin of viruses

Back 12

1. cells lost ability
2. plasmids gained abilities

Front 13

virulence

Back 13

when a pathogen against a plant has specific defenses

Front 14

fimbriae
(bacteria)

Back 14

fastens itself to stick to their sub

Front 15

capsule

Back 15

sticky layer of protein

Front 16

peptidoglycan

Back 16

a polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars

Front 17

monotrichous
(flagellated bacteria)

Back 17

one flagelium at one end

Front 18

amphitrichous

Back 18

having flagella at both ends

Front 19

lophotrichous

Back 19

having man flagella at one end

Front 20

peritrichous

Back 20

flagella all around

Front 21

strepto vs staphylo

Back 21

strepto-chains
staphylo groups

Front 22

heterotrophs

Back 22

cannot synthesize it food

Front 23

autotrophs

Back 23

can synthesize

Front 24

obligate anaerobes

Back 24

can live only without oxygen

Front 25

facultative anaerobes

Back 25

can live in the absenceas well as with oxygen

Front 26

obligate aerobes

Back 26

can only live with oxygen

Front 27

binary fission

Back 27

method of splittin cells

Front 28

conjugation

Back 28

fusing with another bacteria

Front 29

methanogens

Back 29

methane producing

Front 30

halophiles

Back 30

salty environment needed

Front 31

barophile

Back 31

bacteria that needs high pressure environment

Front 32

thermoacidophiles

Back 32

baceria thrive at high temps

Front 33

antibiotics

Back 33

interrupt some biochemical pathways and doesnt work on viruses or proteists

Front 34

cillins

Back 34

halt production of cell wall

Front 35

cylines

Back 35

bind to the small subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome and blocjs recognition

Front 36

mycins

Back 36

bind to free ribosomes and stops elongaion of the amino acid chain

Front 37

aminoglycides

Back 37

inhibit the trna binding

Front 38

chloramphenicol

Back 38

binds to the large subunit of the ribosome and prevents it from attachin one amino acid to another

Front 39

ex of flaellates

Back 39

euglena

Front 40

ciliates ex

Back 40

paramecia

Front 41

sarcodines

Back 41

amoeba

Front 42

sporozoites

Back 42

marlaria

Front 43

pellicle

Back 43

thin skin, liquid film

Front 44

eye spot

Back 44

detects light

Front 45

contractile vacuole

Back 45

collect water and disperse it out

Front 46

conjugation

Back 46

aline, perform meiosis and seperate

Front 47

endosymbiosis

Back 47

when oranisms lives within the body of its partener