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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation |
(1) The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. (2) A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. |
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Bacteriophage / Phage |
A virus that infects bacteria. |
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Double Helix |
The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. |
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Semiconservative Model |
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand. |
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Origin of Replication |
Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins. |
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Replication Fork |
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing. |
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DNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain. |
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Leading Strand |
The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' → 3' direction. |
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Lagging Strand |
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. |
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Okazaki Fragment |
A short segment of DNA synthesized on a template strand during DNA replication. Many of these together make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA. |
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DNA Ligase |
A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain. |
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Primer |
A polynucleotide with a free 3' end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template stand, that is elongated during DNA replication. |
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Primase |
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer. |
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Helicase |
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks. |
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Topoisomerase |
A protein that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork. |
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Single-Strand Binding Protein |
During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA. |
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Mismatch Repair |
The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides. |
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Nuclease |
An enzyme that hydrolyzes DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides. |
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Nucleotide Excision Repair |
The process of removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide. |
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Telomeres |
The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosomes. Specifically, the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule. |
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Telomerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments. |
