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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Heredity

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

Genetics

The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.

Asexual Reproduction



The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Sexual Reproduction

A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the gametes of the parents.

Somatic Cell

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg.

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Autosomes

A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome.

Zygote


The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized cell.

Meiosis

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.

Crossing Over

The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis.

Hybridization

In genetics,the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.

P Generation

The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental. (the true breeding parents of offspring)

F1 Generation

The first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses. (hybrid offspring of the P generation)

F2 Generation

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation. (the offspring of the F1 generation)

Alleles

Any of the alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a given gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a given gene.

Phenotype

The physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.

Genotype

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.

Incomplete Dominance

The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes as intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele. (the phenotype is a mixture of the two parent varieties)

Codominance

The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways. (two dominant alleles are phenotypically separate/distinguishable)

Pleiotropy

The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.

Epistasis

A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic character of another gene that is independently inherited.

Polygenic Inheritance

An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.

Pedigree

A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.

Amniocentesis

A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.

Chorionic Villus Sampling

A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which a small sample of the fetal portion of the placenta is removed and analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus