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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fungi kingdom
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- multicellular
- eukaryotic - heterotroph via absorption |
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plant kingdom
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- multicellur
- eukaryotic - autotroph |
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animal kingdom
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- multicellular
- eukaryotic - heterotroph via injestion |
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protist kingdom
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- unicellular
- eukaryotic - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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monera kingdom
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- unicellular
- prokaryotic - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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5 kingdom system
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- system of classification
- fungi, plant, animal, protist, monera |
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3 domain system
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- eubacteria
- archaebacteria - eukarya |
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cocci
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type of prokaryote
- sphere shaped |
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baccilus
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- type of prokaryote
- rod shaped |
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helical
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- type of prokaryote
- sprial shaped |
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cell wall
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- part of prokaryote
- protection, maintains shape - made of petidlyglycan - prevents cell from bursting in hyptonic situations |
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capsule
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- part of prokaryote
- extra layer of protection - made of gel |
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pili
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- part of prokaryote
- fibers that help cell hold onto things |
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inner membranes
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- in prokaryotes
- used for photsynthesis and chemiosmosis |
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reproduction in prokaryotes
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- binary fission
- transformation - conjugation - transduction - mutation |
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trasnformation
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- type of reproduction in prokaryotes
- encrorporates genes from surrounding environment |
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conjugation
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- type of reproduction in prokaryotes
- direct transfer of genes from one prokaryote to another |
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tranduction
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- when a bacteria gets a new gene from a virus
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photoautotroph
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- type of prokaryote
- gets energy from light - gets carbon from CO2 |
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chemoautotroph
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- type of prokaryote
- gets energy from inorganic chemicals - gets carbon from CO2 |
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photoheterotroph
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- type of prokaryote
- gets energy from light - gets carbon from organic compounds |
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chemoheterotroph
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- type of prokaryote
- gets energy from organic compounds - gets carbon from organic compounds |
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obligate aerobes
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- type of prokaryote
- must use o2 for cellular respiration |
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faculative aerobes
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- tpye of prokaryote
- will se O2 is needed be but will also do fermentation |
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obligate anaerobes
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- type of prokaryote
- dies in the prescenece of 02 |
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endotoxins
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- toxins in the outer membranes of gram negative bacteria
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exotoxins
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- toxins released from the proteins of particular bacteria
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methanogens
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- type of archaeobacteria
- uses CO2 & H2 to produce methane - are obligate anaerobes - are chemoautotrophs |
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extreme halophiles
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- type of archaeobacteria
- are purple red color |
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extreme thermophiles
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- type of archaebacteria
- love heat |
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fungi
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- cell walls made of chitin
- absorbs nutrients |
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mycelium
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- vegetative body of fungus
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hypha
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- basic unit of fungus
- transportation system throught reproductive center and throughout main body |
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candida
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- type of fungus
- shower bacteria - reproduce asexually through budding |
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budding
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- type of asexual reproduction
- when a portion of a fungus breaks off and forms a completely new organism |
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lichen
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- tpye of fungus
- have symbiotic relationship with algae( protist) - they live in rockas and will break down minerals so other organism can use them and live there |
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mycorrizhae
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- fungus that has mutualistic relationship with plants
- 95 % of plants need mycorrizhae to survive |
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septa
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- blockage between cells in hypha
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coencytic hyphae
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- fungus without septa
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sexual life cycle of fungus
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1) adult fungs ( myclelium)
2) plasmogamy 3) karyogamy 4) meiosis 5) germination 6) grows back to mycelium |
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plasmogamy
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- when two cells of neighboring hyphae fuse
- 1 + 1 = 1 |
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karyogamy
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- cells join and nucleii combine to form one nucleus
- 2n |
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mycleium
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- adult fungus
- regenerative body |
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meiosis
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- produces sex cells
- produces spores |
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germination
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- spores sprout and develop into an adult
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chytrids
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- phlya of fungi
- have flagella - have chitin, absorb nutrients, heterotrophs -most primitive of all fungi |
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zygomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- coenozytic hyphae - favor asexual reproduction - if conditions worsen, they will produce sexually - spore with stick |
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ascomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- have sac-like bowl |
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basidiomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- club- like shaped fungus |
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protists
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polyphyletic
- have varied cellular division - produces sexaully and asexaully |
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protozoa
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- animal like protist
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mycete
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- fungus-like protists
- heterotroph via absorption |
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archaeazoa
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- proposed kingdom
- prosts that do not have mitochondria yet - are small organisms have highly fold membranes for chemical reactions |
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euglenozoa
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- proposed kingdom
- have flagella - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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African sleeping sickeness
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- tpye of euglenozoa
- causes death overnight |
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alveolata
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- type of protists
- groups are dinoflagellates, and cilliates |
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dinoflagellates
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- member of alveolata
- phytoplankton - cause of red tide - primary source of energy in ocena |
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cilliates
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- member of alveolata
- has cillia all over body - ex: paramecium |
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psuedoapal
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- identified by movement
- identified by feeding mechanism - groups are rhizopoda, actinopods, forminifererans, and slime molds |
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rhizopoda
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- member of pseduoapal
- no shape, changes shape - reproduces asexually - ex: ameoba |
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actinopods
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- member of pseduoapal
- includes heliozonas and radiolarians |
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heliozonas
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- member of pseduoapal
- helix shaped |
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radiolarians
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- spherical shaped
- member of heliozonas |
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mycleium
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- adult fungus
- regenerative body |
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formaniferans
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-member of pseuedoapdal
- mostly marine - have porous shells ex: the white cliffs of Dover |
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meiosis
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- produces sex cells
- produces spores |
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slime molds
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- member of pseduoapdal
- are multinucleated in the feeding stage - secrete slime in haploid statege caused by enzyme |
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germination
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- spores sprout and develop into an adult
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chytrids
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- phlya of fungi
- have flagella - have chitin, absorb nutrients, heterotrophs -most primitive of all fungi |
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Stramenopila
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- have hairlike projections on theri flagella chloroplast derived from endosymboiotic event
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mycleium
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- adult fungus
- regenerative body |
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zygomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- coenozytic hyphae - favor asexual reproduction - if conditions worsen, they will produce sexually - spore with stick |
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Diatoms
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- member of stramenopila
- glass like cell walls |
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mycleium
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- adult fungus
- regenerative body |
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meiosis
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- produces sex cells
- produces spores |
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ascomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- have sac-like bowl |
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golden algae
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- member of stramenopila
-cartoene and xanthrophyl pigments - most multicellular |
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germination
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- spores sprout and develop into an adult
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oomycota
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- member of stramenopila
-white rust, mildew ex: potatoe famine |
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basidiomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- club- like shaped fungus |
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meiosis
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- produces sex cells
- produces spores |
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protists
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polyphyletic
- have varied cellular division - produces sexaully and asexaully |
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germination
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- spores sprout and develop into an adult
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chytrids
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-fungi with flagella
-most primitive of all fungi |
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phaephya
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- brown algae( seaweed)
- multicellular - have bladed instead of leaves |
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chytrids
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- phlya of fungi
- have flagella - have chitin, absorb nutrients, heterotrophs -most primitive of all fungi |
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zygomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- coenozytic hyphae - favor asexual reproduction - if conditions worsen, they will produce sexually - spore with stick |
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protozoa
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- animal like protist
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zygomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- coenozytic hyphae - favor asexual reproduction - if conditions worsen, they will produce sexually - spore with stick |
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ascomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- have sac-like bowl |
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ascomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- have sac-like bowl |
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basidiomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- club- like shaped fungus |
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mycete
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- fungus-like protists
- heterotroph via absorption |
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protists
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polyphyletic
- have varied cellular division - produces sexaully and asexaully |
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basidiomycota
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- phyla of fungi
- club- like shaped fungus |
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archaeazoa
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- proposed kingdom
- prosts that do not have mitochondria yet - are small organisms have highly fold membranes for chemical reactions |
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protists
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polyphyletic
- have varied cellular division - produces sexaully and asexaully |
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protozoa
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- animal like protist
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euglenozoa
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- proposed protist kingdom
- have flagella - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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mycete
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- fungus-like protists
- heterotroph via absorption |
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protozoa
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- animal like protist
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African sleeping sickeness
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- tpye of euglenozoa
- causes death overnight |
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mycete
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- fungus-like protists
- heterotroph via absorption |
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archaeazoa
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- proposed kingdom
- prosts that do not have mitochondria yet - are small organisms have highly fold membranes for chemical reactions |
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archaeazoa
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- proposed kingdom
- prosts that do not have mitochondria yet - are small organisms have highly fold membranes for chemical reactions |
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euglenozoa
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- proposed kingdom
- have flagella - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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euglenozoa
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- proposed kingdom
- have flagella - heterotrophs and autotrophs |
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African sleeping sickeness
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- tpye of euglenozoa
- causes death overnight |
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African sleeping sickeness
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- tpye of euglenozoa
- causes death overnight |
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chlorophyta
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- green algae
- do not have flagella - live in freshwater - have cellulose in cell walls - have starch storage |
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multicellularity
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- came about throuhg mutulalistic symbiotic relationship
- cas colonies grew thre vecame sepcialized roles within the colony - colony acts like one super organism |
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monophyletic
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direct evidence between ancestral forms
- everything is known |
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paraphyletic
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- portion that shows one lineafe of one descendant's offspring
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polyphyletic
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- no evidence is known to support linkage between two organisms
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