Ap Bio Test 2

Front 1

Methane

Back 1

CH4

carbon bonded tetradhedrally to hydrogens

Front 2

Ethane

Back 2

C2H6

Front 3

Ethene (ethylene)

Back 3

c2h4....has one double bond of carbons

Front 4

carbon dioxide

Back 4

o=c=o

Front 5

major component of petroleum

Back 5

hydrocarbon

Front 6

fats

Back 6

long hydrocarbon tails attached to nonhydrocarbon compenent

Front 7

geometic isomers

Back 7

arisis from inflexibility of double bonds which will not allow atoms to joi rotate freely around the bond axis (differ in spatial arrangements)

Front 8

enantiomers

Back 8

the ones that mirror each other like the parkinsons

Front 9

what is something to note about all functoinal groups

Back 9

hydrophilic and thus increase the solubility of organic compounds in water

Front 10

Hydroxel

structure
name of compounds
example
functional properties

Back 10

(--OH)....ends in a hydrogen remember

Compunds: Alcohols
Example: Ethanol
Properties:
1. Polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawling electrons toward itself
2. Attracts water molecules helping to dissolve organic compounds

Front 11

Carbonyl

Back 11

Structure: carbon joined to an oxygen by adouble bond

Name of compound : --Ketyones: if the carboynl is within a skeleton
Aldehydes: if its at the end of the carbon skeleton

Example: Acetone
Propanal

Properties: may be structural isomers with different properties

Front 12

Carboxyl

Back 12

--(COOH)
name of compound: organic acids
example: acetic acid
-has acidic properties because it has an extra hydrogen ion

Front 13

Amino Group

Back 13

NH2
-glycine
-acts as a base, can pick up a proton from surrounding sollutoin
-ionized with acharge of 1+ under cellular conditions

Front 14

sulfyhydrl

Back 14

-thiols
-two suflyhdural groups can interact to stabalize a protein
-phostphase
-makes the molecule which it is a part an anion
-can transfer energy between organic molecules

Front 15

sucrose

Back 15

glucose and fructose

Front 16

lactose

Back 16

galactose and glucose

Front 17

maltose

Back 17

glucose and glucose

Front 18

most abundunt organic compound on earth

Back 18

cellulose

Front 19

primary structure of a protein

Back 19

determines the shape of a protein, which determines the function

differnet R groups do it

Front 20

secondary strcuture of a protein

Back 20

results from hydrogen bonding

oxygen and nitrogen are electornegative causing them to fold over on one another

Front 21

tertiary structure

Back 21

results from interactions of the R group

rregular loops and folds that give the protein its overall three-dimensional shape

Front 22

quarternary structure

Back 22

results from combination of 2 or more polypeptides

hemoglobin is an example

Front 23

protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells

Back 23

First, information is transferred from DNA to messenger RNA. The RNA leaves the nucleus and carries the information it received from DNA to the ribosomes. The message in the RNA sequence of nucleotides is translated into a sequence of amino acids, which are linked to form a polypeptide.

Front 24

what are the 2 strands of nucleotides held together by in the double helix

Back 24

hydrogen bonds

Front 25

differences in rna from dna

Back 25

uracil replaces thyamine
single stranded
sugar is ribose

Front 26

what joins the molecules and whats the reverse

Back 26

dehydration reaction...hydrolisis

Front 27

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 10 monomers long?

Back 27

Nine, with one water required to hydrolyze each connected pair of monomers

Front 28

Triose sugars (c3h603)

Back 28

glyceraldehyde

dihydroxyacetone

Front 29

pentose sugars (c5h1005)

Back 29

ribose
ribulose

Front 30

hexose sugars (c6h1206)

Back 30

glucose, galactose, fructose

Front 31

what do glucose molecules do in aquauous solutions

Back 31

form rings

Front 32

homolouges

Back 32

codes for the same traits but can be slightly different depening on the genes of your parents

Front 33

what do the 3 dna things look like

Back 33

mRNA=linear
tRNA=clover leaf
rRNA=makes up ribosomes

Front 34

what room in your house is associaed with ribosomes

Back 34

kitchens lolz

Front 35

nucleoSide

Back 35

nitrogenous base+sugar

Front 36

pyriminidines

Back 36

cytosine, thymine, uracil

Front 37

purines

Back 37

adenine,,guanine

ANDY GEIGER FED HIS CAT PURINE CAT CHOW

Front 38

antiparallel

Back 38

In the DNA double helix the two backbones run in an opposite f’ to ‘ directions from

Front 39

what do lipids have none of

Back 39

oxygen

Front 40

how can the stored energy from startch be retrieved

Back 40

hydrolosis

Front 41

ester linkage

Back 41

bond between a hydroxel group and carboxyl group

Front 42

difference in saturdated fat visually

Back 42

saturdaated is straight and unsatured is bent

Front 43

what do phospholipids do when added to water

Back 43

they self–assemble into double–layered aggregates—bilayers—that shield their hydrophobic portions from water

Front 44

Compare the structure of a fat (triglyceride) with that of a phospholipid.

Back 44

Both have a glycerol molecule attached to fatty acids. The glycerol of a fat has three fatty acids attached, whereas the glycerol of a phospholipid is attached to two fatty acids and one phosphate group.

Front 45

example of contractile and motor proteins

Back 45

actin and myosis...cilia and flagella

Front 46

example of hormonal protein

Back 46

insulin

Front 47

example of transport protein

Back 47

hemoglobal

Front 48

example of storage protein

Back 48

ovalbumm, casein

Front 49

example of structural proteins

Back 49

sil fibers, kerotin

Front 50

chapernonins

Back 50

a protein that assits the proper folding of other proteins

Front 51

The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond.

Back 51

Covalent

Front 52

Example of a polymer from quiz

Back 52

cellulose

Front 53

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source?

Back 53

starch

Front 54

how can disaicahrides differ

Back 54

There are different disaccharides because they are composed of different combinations of monosaccharide building blocks or different types (bond angles) of glycosidic linkages.

Front 55

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they

Back 55

are not truly polymers

Front 56

why is saturdated fat more unhealthy

Back 56

Saturated triacylglycerols have more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated triacylglycerols.

Front 57

when comparing phospholipids and fats n oil.s...

Back 57

Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar

Front 58

Which one of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds

Back 58

oil

Front 59

Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by

Back 59

ester linkages

Front 60

what would prob not be affected by denauting

Back 60

primary structure

Front 61

when ranking what do u wanna remember about protein

Back 61

expect to c it at da end

Front 62

he α helix and β pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?

Back 62

secondary structure

Front 63

the peptide bond is what kinda bond

Back 63

covalent

Front 64

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture

Back 64

dna

Front 65

whats a neuclotide made up of

Back 65

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar