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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is needed for a population to reach HW Equilibrium? |
No mutation, Infinite population, No migration, Random mating, and No natural selection |
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Does evolution have a goal? |
No. |
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What are the differences between stabilizing selection, disruptive selection, and diversifying selection? (Which are types of directional selection) |
Stabilizing: Favors the Heterozygous allele Diversifying: Favors both dominant and recessive homozygous alleles |
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What is the biological species concept? |
Species are organisms that can potentially interbreed in nature. (Does not work with extinct species or certain types of bacteria) |
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What is the bottleneck effect? |
Sharp reduction in population size due to natural disasters/disease, shrinking the gene pool. |
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What is the founder effect? |
Loss of genetic variation due to small numbers established from a larger population (Ex: When a small fraction of a population is stranded on an island). |
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What is the equation for the HW equilibrium? |
p squared plus 2pq plus q squared = 1 |
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Allopatric vs. Sympatric speciation |
Allopatric - different species form in different locations Sympatric - different species form in same location |
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Punctuated Equilibrium vs. Gradual Evolution |
Punctuated equilibrium demonstrates more evolutionary progress over a shorter amount of time than gradual evolution. |
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What is Temporal Isolation? |
Speciation due to time of mating or activity. |
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What is Ecological Isolation? |
Speciation due to location. |
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What is Mechanical Isolation? |
Speciation because the "parts" don't fit. |
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What is Gametic Isolation? |
Speciation because egg and sperm of different organisms are incompatible. |
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What is Behavioral Isolation? |
Speciation due to mating rituals. |
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What is Adaptive radiation? |
When organisms diversify rapidly due to new niches being filled. |
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What type of classification would you try to avoid if you were making a cladogram? |
Paraphyletic groups, because they do not include enough species in groups, and Polyphyletic groups, because you would include too much species in groups. |
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What type of classification would you try to achieve if you were making a cladogram? |
Monophyletic groups |
