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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viruses that infect bacteria that are widely used as research tools in molecular genetics
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Bacteriophages
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A = 30.9%, T = 29.4%, G = 19.9%, C = 19.8%, consistent ration among species
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Chargaff's Rules
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Both parents of DNA are intact
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Conservative
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Dispersive - have a mixture of both old and new DNA
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Dispersive
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When a double helix replicates, each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand, and one new strand
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Semiconservative model
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Replication of a DNA molecule begins at these special sites
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Origins of Replication
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End of bubble; Y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating
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Replication Fork
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Catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork (enzyme); can only add on pre-existing nucleotides, gets rid of primers when complete
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DNA Polymerases
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DNA strand that's nestled in the replication fork by a polymerase - 5' - 3' parent strand, going 3' - 5'
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Leading Strand
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DNA synthesized away from replication fork discontinuous, 3' - 5' parent strand, going 5' - 3'
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Lagging Strand
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Joins the sugar phosphate backbones to the Okazaki fragments to create a single DNA strand - connects fragments with bonds
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DNA Ligase
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Start of the new chain - short sketch of RNA
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Primer
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Enzyme that joins RNA molecules to make the primer
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Primase
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Enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication fork, separating the two strands
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Helicase
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Line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of the new complementary strands
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Single-strand binding protein
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Cells use enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides
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Mismatch repair
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Segment gets cut out by this enzyme; resulting gap filled with nucleotides properly paired - type of repair called nucleotide excision repair - found in skin cells
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Nuclease
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Special nucleotide sequences, repetitions of one short nucleotide sequence - protects the organism's genes from being deleted; erode afterwards
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Telomeres
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Enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres; serves as buffers; present in some cells - present in cancer cells
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Telomerase
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