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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heritable feature, eg flower color
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Character
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Variant for a character, eg purple or white flowers
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Trait
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When the plants self-polinate, all their offspring are of the same variety
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True-breeding
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Crossing of two true-breeding varities
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Hybridization
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True-breeding parents
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P Generation
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Hybrid offspring
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F1 Generation
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F1 Hybrid's offspring to self-pollinate; Genotype Ratio: 1:3:1; Phenotype Ratio: 3:1
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F2 Generation
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Alternative versions of a gene
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Allele
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Successful expression of a phenotype
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Dominant allele
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No noticable effect on the organism's appearance
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Recessive allele
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An organism having a pari of identical alleles for character
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Homozygous
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An organism having two different alleles for a gene
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Heterozygous
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Breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype
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Testcross
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F1 Hybrids produced to follow only a single character
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Monohybrids
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F1 hybrids produced to follow two characters
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Dihybrids
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Independent segregation of each pair of alleles during gamete formation
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Law of Independent Assortment
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F1 Hybrids have an appearance somewhere inbetween the phenotypes of the two parental variations
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Incomplete dominance
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The phenotype of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable
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Complete dominance
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The two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
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Codominance
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Ability of a gene to affect an organism in many ways
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Plieotropy
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A gene at one locus alters the phenotype expression of a gene at a second locus
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Epistasis
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Either - or classification is impossible, because the characters vary in the population along a continuum
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Quantitative characters
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Effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype character
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Polygenic inheritance
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Range of phenotypic possiblities over which there may be variation due to environmental influence
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Norm of Reaction
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Many factors, both genetic and environmental collectively influence phenotype
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Multifactorial
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Defective or absent chloride channels the plasma membranes
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Cystic Fibrosis
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Caused by a dysfunctional enzyme that fails to break down brain lipids (gangliosides)
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Tay-Sachs disease
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Dwarfism, dominant inheritant disorder
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Achondroplasia
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Degenerative disease of the nervous system
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Huntington's Disease
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