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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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absorption
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The uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's own body; the third main stage of food processing, following digestion.
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asci (ascus)
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(plural, asci) A saclike spore capsule located at the tip of the ascocarp in dikaryotic hyphae; defining feature of the Ascomycota division of fungi.
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ascocarps
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Macroscopic fruiting bodies of sac fungi.
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basidiocarps
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Elaborate fruiting bodies of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus.
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basidium
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(plural, basidia) A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms. The fungal division Basidiomycota is named for this structure.
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chitin
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A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
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A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods.
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Mainly aquatic primitive fungi that form uniflagellated spores (zoospores). The chytrids and fungi are now thought to form a monophyletic branch of the eukaryotic tree.
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club fungus
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The common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota. The name comes from the clublike shape of the basidium.
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coenocytic
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Referring to a multinucleated condition resulting from the repeated division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division.
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conidia
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(plural, conidia) A naked, asexual spore produced at the ends of hyphae in ascomycetes.
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dikaryotic
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A mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.
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exoenzymes
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Powerful hydrolytic enzymes secreted by a fungus outside its body to digest food.
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fungi
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The kingdom that contains the fungi.
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haustoria
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(plural, haustoria) In parasitic fungi, a nutrient-absorbing hyphal tip that penetrates the tissues of the host but remains outside the host cell membranes.
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heterokaryon
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A mycelium formed by the fusion of two hyphae that have genetically different nuclei.
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hyphae (hypha)
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(plural, hyphae) A filament that collectively makes up the body of a fungus.
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imperfect fungi
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Molds with no known sexual stages, also called deuteromycetes. This is an informal grouping without phylogenetic basis. If a mycologist discovers a sexual stage of an imperfect fungus, the species is reclassified into a particular phylum, depending upon the type of sexual structures.
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karyogamy
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The fusion of nuclei of two cells, as part of syngamy.
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lichen
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The mutualistic collective formed by the symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga.
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mold
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A rapidly growing, asexually reproducing fungus.
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mycelium
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The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.
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mycorrhizae
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A mutualistic association of plant root and fungus.
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mycosis
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The general term for a fungal infection.
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plasmogamy
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The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy.
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sac fungi
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Members of the phylum Ascomycetes, these range in size and complexity from unicellular yeasts to minute leafspot fungi to elaborate cup fungi and morels. About half of the sac fungi live with algae in the mutualistic associations called lichens.
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septa (septum)
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Cross-walls that divide fungal hyphae into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell; singular septum.
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soredia
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Small clusters of lichen hyphae with embedded algae.
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yeasts
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A unicellular fungus that lives in liquid or moist habitats, primarily reproducing asexually by simple cell division or by budding of a parent cell.
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zygote
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The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg.
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