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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Photosynthesis
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-To make sugar
-Process by which plants use light energy to make food from CO2 and H20 |
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Autotrophs
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-Make their own food
-Producers -Photosynthetic: make from organic molecules and sunlight; plants, algae, cyanobacteria -Chemosynthetic: make from inorganic/organic molecules (hydrogen sulfide); bacteria, protists |
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Leaf Structures
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-Mesophyll: tissue on interior of leaf where chloroplasts are
-Stomata: pores where CO2 enters and O2 exits |
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Chloroplast
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-Contain pigments, chlorophyll (absorbs light energy)
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Chloroplast Structures
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-Outer Membrane, Intermembrane Space, Inner Membrane
-Stroma: thick fluid in inner membrane (sugars are made here) -Thylakoids: contain chlorophyll -Grana: stack of thylakoids |
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Photosynthesis Reaction
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6C02 + 12H20 >SUNLIGHT> C6H12O6 + 6H20 + 6O2
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Photolysis
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-Splitting water with sunlight
-Sunlight 'excites' electrons |
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Oxidized
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-Water molecules split > forms O2
-Lose electrons and 2H+ ions -LEO: Lose elections=oxidized (Leo the Lion goes Ger) |
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Reduced
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-Carbon dioxide > C6H12O6
-Electrons and H+ ions added -GER: Gain Electrons=reduced (Leo the Lion goes Ger) |
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Convert
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-Light energy to chemical energy stored in the sugar molecules
-Light stored in sugar |
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Light Reaction
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-In Grana (Stacks)
-Convert light energy to chemical energy and oxygen -Solar to chemical -Absorbtion of light energy -excite electrons by that energy -form ATP, NADPH from electron transport chain -Products: O2, NADPH, ATP |
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Calvin Cycle
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-In Stroma (Fluid)
-Series of reactions that assemble sugar from carbon dioxide and energy-containing products of the light reaction |
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Sunlight
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-Radiation/Electromagnetic energy
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Electromagnetic Energy
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-Measured in Nanometers
-Travels in rhythmic wave -Wavelength: distance between crests of adjacent waves |
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Electromagnetic spectrum
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-Gamma Rays > X-Rays > Ultra Violet Rays > Visible Light > Infrared rays > Micro Waves > Radio Waves
-Visible Light: VBGYOR -V(380NM), BG(500), YO(600), R(750) - <--- Increase in energy (380 = most energy) |
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Photosystems
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-Capture solar power
-Within Thylakoid Membrane -Reaction Center: chlorophyll a donates excited electron -200 - 300 pigments in a photosystem -Absorb light, photolysis (split water), excited electron through electron acceptor, to primary electron acceptors (oxidized) |
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Pigments
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-In the Grana, absorb light
-Chlorophyll a -Chlorophyll b -Carotenoids |
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Chlorophyll a
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-Blue, Violet, Red
-Directly involed in light reaction |
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Chlorophyll b
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-Blue, Orange
-Not directly involed in the light reaction |
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Carotenoids
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-Blue
-Absorb/dissipate excessive light that could damage chlorophyll |
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Photon
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-Packet of energy
-When absorbed, it is incorporated into elections -Ground State > "excited" which are unstable and reemit abosorbed energy and go back to ground -Energy is then passed to neighboring molecules or lost as heat -In chlorophyll, electrons, e to g, after glow is called fluorescence |
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Chlorphyll, Oxidized
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> Primary election acceptor (neighboring molecules), reduced
*Triggers the light reaction |
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Antenna Molecules
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-Other pigment molecules like chlorophyll b and carotenoids
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Photosystem Types
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-I: chlorophyll a of the reaction center is P700, absorbs red light best at 700nm wavelength
-II: chlorophyll a of reaction center is P680, absorbs o/r light best at 680nm. -Different proteins, different optimums for light absorbtion. |
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Photophosphorylation
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-Process of making ATP from ADP and P using sunlight
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Electron Transport Chain
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-Electrons lose energy as they travel down the ETC and the energy lost gets stored in ATP and NADPH
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Chemiosmotic Theory
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-Photolysis occurs, H+ ions are created and accumulate inside thylakoids
-pH decreases in thylakoid and increases in stroma, creates pH gradient |
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Channel Proteins
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-ATP Synthases
-Allows H+ ions to flow from the thylakoid to the stroma -Generates energy for ATP synthases to phosphorylate ADP to ATP -3 H+ ions for 1 ATP |