Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
metabolism
|
the totality of an organism's chemical processes
|
|
|
catabolic pathways
|
degradative process that release energy by breakind down complex molecules to simpler compounds
|
|
|
anabolic pathways
|
consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones
|
|
|
kinetic energy
|
energy of motion, energy doing work
|
|
|
potential energy
|
stored energy that has the capacity to do work
|
|
|
thermodynamics
|
the study of the energy transformations that occur in collection of matter
|
|
|
closed system
|
collection of matter under study which is isolated from its surroundings
|
|
|
open system
|
system in which energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
|
|
|
entropy
|
a quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S
|
|
|
bond energy
|
the quantity of energy that must be absorbed to break a particular kind of chemical bond; equal to the quantity of energy the bond releases when it forms
|
|
|
spontaneous reaction
|
a reaction where the free enery of a system decreases
|
|
|
free energy
|
the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system
|
|
|
exergonic reaction
|
proceeds with a net release of free energy, delta G is negative
|
|
|
endergonic reaction
|
absorbs free energy from its surroundings, delta G is positive
|
|
|
equilibrium
|
delta G equals zero, can do no work
|
|
|
catalyst
|
a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
|
|
|
enzyme
|
catalytic proteins
|
|
|
activation energy
|
the energy required to break bonds in the reactant molecules
|
|
|
substrate
|
the reactant an enzyme acts on
|
|
|
active site
|
the restricted region of the enzyme molecule where the enzyme bonds to the substrate
|
|
|
induced fit
|
allows the enzyme to change its state so the active site and substrate fit snugly
|
|
|
cofactors
|
nonprotein helpers of enzymes for catalytic activity
|
|
|
coenzymes
|
an organic molecule that is a cofactor
|
|
|
competitive inhibitors
|
resemble the normal substrate molecule and reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking the active site
|
|
|
noncompetitive inhibitors
|
impede ezymatic reactions by binding to a part of the enzyme away from the active site
|
|
|
cooperativity
|
if an enzyme has two or more subunits and one substrate molecule activates the other subunits
|
|
|
feedback inhibition
|
when a metabolic pathway is switched off by its end product
|
