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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aldose or Ketose
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depending on location of carbonyl (sugars)
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monosaccarides
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monomers of carbohydrates. can be di-, tri-, or poly-
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glycosidic linkage
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covalent bonds between two monosaccarides by dehydration reaction to form carbohydrates.
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dehydration synthesis
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take out an H and an OH of two monomers to make a polymer.
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Hydrolysis
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breaking/splitting a polymer by adding water.
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Phospholipids
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hydrophilic lipid that is amphipathic
two fatty acids and one phosphate. |
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amphipathic
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Head is hydrophilic
Tail is hydrophobic phospholipids. |
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Ester linkage
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the bond found in Lipids
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Trigliceride
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fats with three fatty acids and one glycerol
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Aldahyde
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Carbonyl group at the end of a carbohydrate molecule
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Ketone
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Carbonyl group in the middle of a carbohydrate.
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Peptide bond
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bond found in protines
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Maltose
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an alpha glucose (sugar) with a 1-4 glycosidic linkage. formed with two glucose molecules.
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Fructose
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5 carbons, not 6.
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Amalose
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helix shape of plant starches. 1-4 linkages, all glucose, unbranched.
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analopectin
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1-4 linkages, every 34 links there is a 1-6 linkage making a branch.
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glycogen
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liver cells that are very branched.
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Beta Glucose monomers
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1-4 glycosidic linkages that are straight, not helical. (molecules alternate between right-side-up and upside-down
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Cellulose
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a beta glucose molecule used in the structure of plants and to coat the digestive systems of animals.
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Chitin
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nitrogen presence in animal polysaccaride. found in cell walls of fungi, exoskeletons of anthropods, and not glucose.
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Glycerol
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In dehydration synthesis, bonds to fatty acids.
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Saturated Fats
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all single bonds, no double bonds. solid at room temperature and can pack together.
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Unsaturated fats
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double bonds between carbons form kinks in molecules, making them liquid at room temperature because they cannot pack together.
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Omega-3
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unsaturated fat where the double bond is first found at the third carbon. (Example)
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Peptide bonds
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bonds to carboxyl.
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Primary structure
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beads on a chain, sequence of the 20 acids. Formed by instructions in DNA.
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Phosphodiester bonds
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bonds in nucleic acids
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