Ap Bio (Chapter 15 - Chromosomes And Inheritance)

Front 1

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Back 1

genes have specific loci on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independant assortment.

Front 2

wild type

Back 2

normal phenotype for a character.

Front 3

linked genes

Back 3

genes located on same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.

Front 4

genetic recombination

Back 4

production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from those exactly found in each parent. (not same phenotype as either parent)

Front 5

parental types

Back 5

those offspring whose phenotypes are exactly that of the parents.

Front 6

recombinant types (recombinants)

Back 6

offspring with new combinations of the phenotypes that are not exactly like either of the parents.

Front 7

linkage map

Back 7

genetic map based on recombination frequencies.

Front 8

map units

Back 8

one is equivalent to 1% recombination frequency.
distances between genes.

Front 9

cytogenic maps

Back 9

locate genes with respect to chromosomal features such as stained bands.

Front 10

duchenne muscular dysrophy

Back 10

human sex-linked disorder of progressive weakening of muscles and loss of coordination.

Front 11

hemophilia

Back 11

sex-linked disorder defined by absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting.

Front 12

barr body

Back 12

one of the two X chromosomes in the female is inactivated and becomes shorter and compressed and not expressed. the specific X chromosome is chosen randomely for each cell in the early embryotic stage. therefore, when there are only a few (30 or so) cells, each chooses randomely which X chromosome they will inactivate.

Front 13

nondisjunction

Back 13

members of a pair of homologus chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis.

Front 14

Aneuploidy

Back 14

when an offspring has an abnormal number of a particular chromosome.

Front 15

Trisomic

Back 15

2n + 1
when the offspring has three pairs of a particular chromosome.

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monosomic

Back 16

2n - 1
when the offspirng has only one pair of a particular chromosome.

Front 17

polplody

Back 17

more than two complete chomosome sets.

Front 18

deletion

Back 18

when chromosomal fragment lacking centromere is lost.

Front 19

duplication

Back 19

when a deleted fragment becomes an extra segment to a sister chromatid.

Front 20

Inversion

Back 20

when a deleted chromosome fragment reattaches to original chromosome but in reverse orientation.

Front 21

translocation

Back 21

when chromosomal breakage results in the fragment joining to a nonhomologus chromosome.

Front 22

down syndrome
trisomy 21

Back 22

2 names for the syndrome where there are 3 chromosome pairs for the 21st chromosome.

Front 23

genomic imprinting

Back 23

variatin in phenotype depending on whether an allele is inherited from the male or female parent.

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50% or greater

Back 24

percentage of recombinant frequency at which one cannot assume that the two genes are even on the same chrmosome.

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autosome

Back 25

non sex-linked chromosome.
not an X or Y chromosome.

Front 26

polygenic
Gene inteaction

Back 26

multiple genes to one phenotypic trait. (2 names)

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epistasis

Back 27

one or more genes effect other genes.
silencers or enhancers.

Front 28

Xist gene

Back 28

will inactivate or shrink one of the X chromosomes to create a Bar Body.

Front 29

Lyonization

Back 29

(named after Mary)
another name for X-inactivation

Front 30

mosaic organism

Back 30

not all the cells with the same genetic makeup. only in females because not all cells in females use same X chromosomes.