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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biology
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The scientific study of life
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DNA
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The smallest unit that has the capacity for life (signature molecule of a cell)
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Enzymes
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Molecules that build, split, and rearrange other molecules
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Inheritance
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Acquisition of traits through the transmission of DNA from parents to offspring.
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Reproduction
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Actual mechanisms of inheritance
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Development
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Transformation of a new individual to a multicelled adult (often with designated tissues and organs)
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Energy
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A capacity to do work
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Metabolism
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Capacity to obtain and convert energy and use it to maintain itself, grow, and produce more cells
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Receptors
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Molecules and structures that detect stimuli
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Stimulus
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Specific form of energy that can be recepted.
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Homeostasis
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State when organisms respond to energy changes so that their internal operating conditions usually remain the same.
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Cell
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organization unit having a capacity to survive and reproduce on its own, building blocks, energy inputs, and suitable conditions.
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Multicelled organisms
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Consist of specialized interdependent cells, usually organized in tissues and organs.
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Population
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A group of organisms of the same kind.
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Community
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All populations of all species living in the same area.
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Ecosystem
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A community together with its physical and chemical environment.
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Biosphere
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Includes all parts of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere in which organisms live.
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Producers
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Plants and other organisms that make their own food.
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Consumers
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Organisms that use food energy stored in producers’ tissues.
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Decomposers
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Break down sugars and other biological molecules into simpler materials.
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Species
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Different kinds of organisms
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Linnaeus
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Classification scheme with a two-part name for ever species
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Genus
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Encompasses all closely related species, designated in first part of name.
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Archaebacteria/eubacteria
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Single cells of prokaryotic; do not contain a nucleus, referred to as just bacteria
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Protistans
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Eukaryotic; DNA in a nucleus, larger and more internally complex.
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Fungi
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Most are multicelled decomposers or parasites that digest food outside of the fungal body.
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Plants
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Multicelled, photosynthetic producers (sunlight’s energy --> food)
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Animals
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Multicelled consumers that ingest the tissues of other organisms.
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Mutation
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Original source of variations in heritable traits (harmful or harmless)
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Adaptive trait
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Any form of a trait that helps an individual survive and reproduce under prevailing environmental conditions.
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Evolution
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Heritable change in a line of descent over time.
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Artificial selection
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Change in traits taking place under contrived, manipulated conditions.
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Natural selection
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A result of differences in survival and reproduction among individuals of a population that vary in one or more of their shared, heritable traits.
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Antibiotics
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Kill bacterial and fungal competitors for nutrients.
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Hypothesis
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Educated guess
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Prediction
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If ____, then ____.
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Models
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Theoretical, detailed descriptions or analogies to help visualize something not directly observed.
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Inductive logic
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Deriving a general statement from specific observations.
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Deductive logic
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Making inferences about specific consequences or predictions that must follow a hypothesis.
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Experiment
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Simplify observation in nature or the laboratory by manipulating and controlling the conditions under which the observations are made.
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Control group
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A standard for comparison with one or more experimental groups.
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Variables
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Specific aspects of objects or events that may differ or change over time and among individuals.
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Sampling error
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Risking tests with subsets that are not representative of the whole
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Scientific theory
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A hypothesis that has not been disproved and is sued to interpret other data
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Quantitative terms
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Unbiased results and data
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