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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pathogen |
a bacterium, fungus, virus, or other disease- causing agent |
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immune system |
enables an animal to avoid or limit many infections |
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innate immunity |
all animals have it it includes barrier defenses (skin, mucous, secretions) internal defenses: (phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response) |
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adaptive immunity |
found only in vertebrates humoral response: antibodies defend against infection in body fluids cell mediated response: cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells |
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lysozyme |
within the digestive system an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, acts as a chemical barrier against pathogens ingested with food |
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phagocytosis |
some hemocyte ingest and break down bacteria and other foreign substances this is what is process is called |
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Toll-like receptor |
binds to fragments of molecules characteristic to a set of pathogens |
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Neutrophils |
phagocytic cell circulate in the blood, are attracted by signals from affected tissues |
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Macrophages |
Phagocytic cell "big eaters" , some migrate throughout body while others reside in organs where they are likely to encounter pathogens |
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Natural killer cell |
these cells circulate through the body and detect the abnormal array of surface protein characteristics of some virus-infected and cancerous cells they release chemicals that lead to cell death |
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complement system |
infection fighting, consists of roughly 30 proteins in blood plasma, they circulate in an inactive site and are activated by substances on the surface of many microbes leads to bursting of invading cells |
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inflammatory response |
the changes brought about by signaling molecules released upon injury or infection |
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histamine |
an important inflammatory signaling molecule, stored in the granules of mast cells |
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mast cells |
found in the connective tissue |
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cytokines |
signaling molecule that in an immune response promotes blood flow to the site of injury or infection |
